A-Level生物考试尤其是爱德思考试局简答题的比例非常高，很多学生不喜欢做生物的简答题，总感觉写不出来，理不顺畅，或者写出来的踩不到答分点等等问题。那么除了对基础知识点掌握不够之外，简答题的应试技巧也有待进一步提高。
Alevel生物简答题如何评分？
我们以CIE考试局的marking rules 为例简单看一下考官们对于简答题是如何打分的。
我们可以看到考官是会根据mark scheme的得分点来给你的答案给分，并且keywords must be present and are used correctly，所以除了知识点的应用，对书写的完整准确度也是有一定要求的。
“Many students experienced difficulties by missing important details in both questions and their answers”
“There were a number of questions where it was obvious that candidates had not read the questions properly”
“The paper is set so that the questions cover the specification as widely as possible and test as many skills as possible”
我们从考官的视角也能看出大部分学生在回答简答题的时候都存在没有抓住题目关键信息，或者不认真读题的现象。所以我们第一步要做到仔细审题，要知道题目让我们回答什么东西！我们可以通过一些command words来理会题目的要点。
生物简答题的分类
生物简答题大致可以分为以下几类：
- Statement question（~1mark）
Command words: State/Define/Name/Give
Tips:
Memorizing these with standard wordingAs specific as possible, including all necessary words
我们一定要用专业性的术语去回答定义类的问题，所以这也就要求我们平时学习生活中不断的积累。另外定义题如果遇到词组类型的，比如”biological catalyst”,分开单词解释（biological是from living organisms, catalyst是increase rate of reaction without changing the substance produced）
Explanation/description question （~2-4mark）
Command words：Explain/Describe/Suggest
Tips:
Give step-by-step logical reasoning to show how or why a biological phenomenon or effect occurs.Look carefully at the context and direction of the question
像这道题的command word是explain，那我们除了要描述图像展现出来的信息以外还需要进一步解释背后的原理。我们可以把图像分成2段，一段是随着substrate concentration升高rate of reaction也升高，一段是后面的level off阶段。
运用我们已学的知识可知，第一段是由于more substrate, more successful collisions will happen between enzyme and substrate so the rate will increase. 那么第一段是由于enzyme has no active site available, enzyme concentration becomes a limiting factor.
Data analysis question （~5-6mark）
Command words:Describe and explain/Analyze/Assess
Tips:
Understand the meaning of X-axis and Y-axis, and describe the correct relationship between different groups and explain the results using your knowledge.
这道题的command word就是assess，所以需要从多个角度去分析，通过这2张图，整合数据得出多点结论。如何看图，首先一定要看图的横纵坐标分别代表什么意思，包括标注里是否还有分组，只有理解了图的意思，在进行哪些比较，才能归纳总结。
Extended response question （~5-6mark）
Command words: Evaluate/Discuss/ Compare/Contrast/ Describe/Explain
Tips:
Write what the data shows and give reasons why it shows that.
When describing, you’d better present relevant figures.
Give a well-developed line of reasoning which is clear and logically structured.
Use your own knowledge and information from the context of the question to back up your reasoning.
这算是一道简单的extended question，只需要我们根据已学的遗传学知识去一个个推断出个题的基因型表型，顺着逻辑一步步往下写即可。
从Alevel生物简答题的题型来看，专业术语词汇的掌握对解题至关重要！
简答题作答技巧解析
生物考试以简答题居多，请同学们在作答过程中尽量用简单明确的英文，配合我们记忆的专业词汇回答清楚题目，不要使用太难的词汇和过于高级的语法，方便阅卷官判卷。
最后给大家分享一些简答题作答技巧：
关于Alevel生物简答题的应试技巧你学会了吗？好的标化成绩会增加学术及申请优势。
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