AS经济：如何写好evaluation (i)

今天我们来讲AO3 evaluation

考纲的要求：Weigh up arguments often coming to a judgement. You may be asked tocome to a reasoned conclusion following an assessment of the strengthsand weaknesses of these arguments, taking into account the quality ofinformation available.

对AO3应该写什么还有困惑的同学，可以先看一下我们之前的推送：

AS经济Essay结构解析

很多同学分不清AO2和AO3的区别，这里我提供一个理解的视角：

AO2是positive statements，考官可以判断答卷内容是正确还是错误的。

AO3是normative statements，并没有正确答案，任何有理有据的观点都可以得分。

今天我们来讲一下新考纲下如何写好a问的evaluation.

Essay的a问，AO3有2分.

如果AO2和AO3连在一起，那大家需要：

1. 基于之前的analysis (AO2)，offer a valid judgement

2.Write aconclusion.

我们来看一个例子。

- With the help of a formula, explain the meaning of price elasticity of demand and consider which factor is most important in determining whether the demand for a good is likely to be price-elastic or price-inelastic. [8]

这道题的结构是3+5，and后面包含AO2和AO3.

AO2的部分，我们先写degree of necessity和relative expense是两个determinants.

AO3的部分，我们需要比较这两个factor ，并给出结论：哪个factor更重要。

1. 比较两个factor：

-snake antivenom很贵，但他是个necessary good，所以ped还是很小

-饮料很便宜，但消费者可以不买，所以ped还是很大

2. 得出结论：degree of necessity更重要。

Sample：Some products take up a large portion of one's income, such as snake antivenom. However, even if the price were to double, consumers would likely continue to purchase it due to its life-saving nature. By contrast, expenditure on beverages occupies only a minor portion of income. Nonetheless, if their prices were to double, consumption would likely decrease significantly since they are not vital products. Therefore, while the relative expense of a product is an important factor, the degree of necessity is often the most crucial in determining PED: if consumers must purchase the product, the price is not the primary consideration.

当然这里的答案有很多种，只要有理有据都可以得分。

但大家在答题的时候一定要注意2点：

1. factors必须是AO2解释过的。

如果AO3写time period是更重要的因素，是无法得分的，因为AO2没有解释这个factor.

2. conclusion是对题目and后面的部分的主观结论。观点必须明确，且不能出现新的信息。

如果你在结论里写我们不能忽略一个成功的广告对PED的影响，那也是没法得分的。

对于结构是6+2的a问，AO3可能就不需要基于AO2的analysis，而是直接给出valid judgement并reach a conclusion.

- Compare the causes of structural unemployment and cyclical unemployment and consider which of these types of unemployment is likely to be more harmful to an economy.

这是样卷里的题，AO3问 consider which of these types of unemployment is likely to be more harmful to an economy.

如果这部分有5分，那大家要先写structural的坏处，再写cyclical的坏处，再比较谁更不好。

而由于这部分只有2分，大家在答题的时候需要围绕'more'来展开。

官方的答案也只进行了比较：

我个人觉得这并不合理，但我不想挑战cie.

因此，个人认为比较保险的做法是，在进行比较之前，先写两个失业的坏处，但控制篇幅：时间也是分数的一部分。

- With the help of a diagram, explain the difference between the causes of a movement along, and a shift of, a production possibility curve (PPC) and consider which is likely to have the most immediate impact on an economy. [8]

这道题的结构依然是6+2，and后面只包含AO3.

因此，这里大家只需要简单比较shift和move影响economy的时间长短，并给出结论：谁的impact更immediate就可以了。

Sample：When resources are reallocated within an economy, the impact can be relatively quick. The increase in the production of capital goods can lead to rapid job creation, while a decrease in the production of consumer goods will immediately decrease consumer choices. In contrast, an increase in the birth rate or investments in research and development do not yield immediate impacts on the economy, as it can take a considerable amount of time to influence productive capacity. Therefore, movement along the PPC exerts a quicker impact on the economy than shift of PPC, because expanding productive capacity is a time-consuming process.

最后，并不是所有的essay a问，evaluation都需要写2边。

- Explain why government intervention may be required to provide merit goods and consider why such intervention may not always be successful. [8]

AO3：只需要写为什么政府干预不会成功。

- Explain the functions of price in resource allocation and consider the importance of these functions in relation to the potential effectiveness of a market economy.

AO3：只需要写functions of price和market economy的effectiveness有啥关系。

如果一个essay题，你看到的时候不是很确定他的结构和得分点是怎样的，我的建议就是跳过。

考试不是挑战自己，我们一定要选熟悉的题型。