2024年AP欧洲史考情解析

AP 2024年大考解析持续更新中！今天带来的是AP文科科目——欧洲史！

AP欧洲史2024考情解析

SAQs

SAQ1

考查科学革命Scientific Revolution相关知识点，又是一个极其常规考点。

2016的SAQ1、2017年SAQ4、2021年SAQ2、2023年SAQ1都考查过Scientific Revolution的发现和影响。

b)最最直接支持作者观点的证据应该是牛顿结合Rene Descartes的deductive reasoning和Frances Bacon 的Inductive reasoning 而提出的Scientific Method:

begin with scientific observations and experiments, and then arrive at general concepts… and then deduce new knowledge from those by testing and verifying (modern science!)

c)影响包括：

①weakening of Church authority

②promoted the Scientific Societies and Journals, such as English Royal Society and French Royal Academy.

③promoted Enlightenment

SAQ2

考查1848年革命和德国统一的相关话题。 1848年革命在2022年LEQ2就考过，但德国统一这个考点难度较大，近几年没有考查，上次专门考查还要追溯到2008年的LEQ：比较意大利和德国统一的相似和差别。 a) likely purpose: German unification under liberal government.

b)作答方向

①自由派的分裂：The liberal nationalists differed over whether to include Austria in a united Germany. The “large German [grossdeutsch] solution” favored Austria’s inclusion, whereas the “small German [kleindeutsch] solution” advocated its exclusion.

②保守派的保守，如Frederick William IV本来直接接受the Frankfurt Parliament 给予的统一德国的皇冠就好了，但是保守如他，就是鄙视民主议会交给他的统治资格，认为kings ruled by the grace of God rather than by the permission of man-made constitutions.

c) 最直接的作答方向：the leadership of Bismarck: Under Bismarck’s leadership, and with the strong support of its royal house, Prussia used diplomatic and military means to unify the German states into a strong national entity.

SAQ3

考查15世纪到17世纪欧洲大航海和殖民相关话题。

此知识点是三门历史的常规考点，难度不大。

a) 相似点：

①动机的相似：sought trade with Asia and Americas; spread Christianity;

②推动条件的相似：better ships and navigation;

③结果相似：established colonies in Americas

b) 差异点：

①在亚洲成功程度不同：葡萄牙在亚洲没能建立殖民地，西班牙有在菲律宾建立了殖民地；

②在美洲成功程度不同：西班牙打败了美洲最大的两个帝国Aztec和Inca,并且发现了大银矿；而葡萄牙殖民的巴西并没有强大的帝国和precious metal;

⭐️c) 最直接的作答方向：Mercantilist thinking 导致更多资源竞争

SAQ4

考查大萧条、纳粹、二战和冷战相关话题，此知识点也是三门历史的常规考点，冷战话题在2023年就考查过。

a)+b)作答方向

challenges faced during interwar period:

①war-torn economy + Great Depression;②the rise of Communism; ③ German Weimar Republic: huge war repreparation; ④the rise of Nazism and invasion by Hitler

Challenges faced during the period 1945-1989:

① war-torn economy; ② the spread of Communism to Eastern Europe；③power struggle between America and Soviet Union; ④decolonization in overseas colonies; ⑤ criticism of welfare states;

大家可以从中挑选相似点和差异点论证。

c)作答方向

①the dissolution of Soviet Union;

②Marshall Plan and other U.S. aids;

③protest movement against Soviet Union in Eastern Europe;

④the reforms under Mikhail Gorbachev

LEQs

LEQ2: 1450-1700,

欧洲艺术的改变

往年考试相关题目：2017年官方样题LEQ2考查了意大利文艺复兴和北方文艺复兴的差别，也是模考班的试卷，其中艺术部分的论证可以用来答2024的这道LEQ。

c)作答方向

①建筑方面相比于欧洲中世纪的变化：adapted Greco-Roman symmetry, classical columns, arches, and domes.

②雕塑方面相比于欧洲中世纪的变化：Again became freestanding, not designed to fit in niches of churches, and portrayed nude subjects in the Greek tradition in both religious and mythological representations；

③绘画方面相比于欧洲中世纪的变化：nonreligious, in addition to religious, in theme; the illusion of three dimensions created by precise variation of size (perspective); less symbolic and more representational; depicted real people in recognizable settings; glorified the beauty of the corporeal world; invention of oil paints.

每个方面再举一些例子就行。外加一些北方文艺复兴艺术作品的特点证据会更多，如细节狂Jan van Eyck 对domestic interior的描绘，以及Peter Brueghel the Elder对底层劳动者的刻画就更为复杂和深刻了。

LEQ3:1789-1815,

欧洲各国关系的改变

✔️往年相关题目：2017官方样卷SAQ1考查的就是拿破仑扩张的影响，可以借鉴回答这题。

作答方向

✅Change:

①French Revolution sparked wars between conservative countries and France;

② Napoleon’s expansion ignited nationalist response.

③Continuity: European states were careful to preserve “balance of power” throughout 18th century and at Congress of Vienna.

LEQ4:1945-1989,

欧洲经济的变化

✔️往年相关题目：2022年SAQ4和2023年SAQ4考查了冷战对欧洲的影响和欧洲和其他国家的关系，某些答题角度可以转换过来答2024这道题。