2023年IB物理、化学和生物课程都进行了改革。这也代表,N24和M25的IB物理、化学和生物考生注定“与众不同”。
N24考生考旧考纲的IB物化生内容,而M25考生考新考纲的知识点。
作为IB物化生中考试难度最大的科目,IB物理课程一向是大家学习的难点!话说,N24 IB物理考生现在该着重复习哪些知识点?改革后的IB物理课程大纲有哪些学习重点?今年DP1 IB物理学生又该如何学好IB物理课程知识呢?
N24 IB物理备考,哪些是重点?
关于2024年IB物理备考重点,SL课程与HL课程略有不同。
IB物理SL课程
学好Topic 2:力学,那么可以在最终的 IB 物理考试中取得高达14%的成绩。
备考时,可以在Topic2 上花费比Topic6 更多的时间复习。
☛ 建议优先复习的IBDP物理Topic:
Topic 2: Mechanics
Topic 4: Waves
Topic 1: Measurements and Uncertainties
Topic 5: Electricity and Magnetism
Topic 7: Nuclear and Particle Physics
Topic 8: Energy Production
Topic 3: Thermal Physics
Topic 6: Circular Motion and Gravitation
IB物理HL课程
就IB物理HL课程而言,Topic 6: Circular Motion and Gravitation不值得花太多时间学习。
☛ 建议优先复习的IBDP物理Topic:
Topic 2: Mechanics
Topic 1: Measurements and Uncertainties
Topic 12: Nuclear and Quantum Physics
Topic 11: Electromagnetic Induction
Topic 4: Waves
Topic 9: Wave Phenomena
Topic 5: Electricity and Magnetism
Topic 10: Fields
Topic 3: Thermal Physics
Topic 7: Nuclear and Particle Physics
Topic 8: Energy Production
Topic 6: Circular Motion and Gravitation
N24 IB物理大考备考,学生可以以充分利用的资源包括:
1、IB物理课程指南(注意使用旧版指南);
2、IB物理历年真题(多做练习,提前模拟);
3、IB物理教材(选择适合自己的,可以多个出版社的教材搭配使用);
其他备考要点:
1、掌握IB物理定义。据悉如果能够熟知IB物理定义,那么可以轻松将IB物理成绩提高9%。
通过熟悉IB物理定义的过程,大家还可以更加深入了解物理原理,进一步加深IB物理知识的理解。
2、不要忽略内部评估(IA)。IA占比IB总成绩大约20%,也是至关重要的哦~
3、多关注IB物理Topic1和2。IB物理Paper2和Paper3中会考察大量Topic1和2的内容。
● Topic 1 中的以下三个概念是最常涉及的:Percentage Uncertainties 百分比不确定性Plotting Graphs (linearisation) 绘图(线性化)Scalars and Vectors 标量和向量
不要低估这个Topic,Paper3(A 部分)几乎都是关于Topic1的题目。
● Topic 2 中的以下三个概念是最常涉及的内容:Projectile Motion 弹丸运动Forces in Equilibrium 平衡力Conservation of Momentum 动量守恒
IB物理新课程大纲分解
M25考生是第一批考改革后IB物理课程大纲的考生。今年的DP1学生学习的也是IB物理新课程大纲。
● 改革后IB物理课程总共分为五个部分:
IBDP 物理的新教学大纲并不是对旧版课程的彻底改革,而更是代表了向更现代化和实用的内容的转变,以及对实践和批判性思维技能发展的重视。
新版课程大纲已经不存在的部分包括:
● Topic 1 Moved to Tool 3: Mathematics
Measurements in physics*Uncertainties and errors*Vectors and scalars*
● Topic 4Polarization and Malus’s law
● Topic 5Kirchhoff’s circuit lawsSecondary cellsTerminal potential difference
● Topic 7Quarks, leptons and their antiparticlesHadrons, baryons and mesonsThe conservation laws of baryon number, lepton number and strangenessThe nature and range of the weak nuclear forceExchange particlesFeynman diagramsConfinementThe Higgs boson
● Topic 8Specific energy of fuel sourcesPrimary energy sourcesElectricity as a secondary and versatile form of energyRenewable and non-renewable energy sourcesFossil fuel power stationsWind generatorsPumped storage hydroelectric systems
● Topic 9Thin film interferenceResolution
● Topic 11Power generation and transmissionCapacitance
● Topic 12Pair production and pair annihilationThe wave functionThe uncertainty principleTunnelling
● 所有选修Topic一些 Option 内容已添加到新的教学大纲中。
新课程大纲引入了一些新的物理概念:
● A. Space, time and motion
A.4 Rigid body mechanicsAngular impulseThe kinetic energy of rotational motion
A.5 Galilean and special relativityReference FramesNewton’s laws and Galilean relativityGalilean transformation equationsThe two postulates of special relativityThe Lorentz transformation equationsRelativistic velocity addition equationInvariant quantitiesTime dilationLength contractionThe relativity of simultaneitySpace-time diagramsWorld line of a moving particleMuon decay experiments
● B. The Particular Nature of Matter
Β.1 Thermal energy transfersQuantitative analysis of rate of thermal energy transfer by conductionApparent brightnessLuminosity
Β.2 Greenhouse EffectMean intensity value of incoming radiationAwareness of the resonance model for the greenhouse effectAwareness of the enhanced greenhouse effect
Β.3 Gas LawsPressure in gases related to the average translational speed of moleculesThe relationship between the total internal energy of a gas and the number of gas molecules
Β.4 ThermodynamicsThe first law of thermodynamicsΤhe work done by or on a closed systemChange in internal energy in terms of temperature changeEntropy in terms of macroscopic quantitiesEntropy in terms of the properties of individual particlesΤhe second law of thermodynamicsThe entropy of a real isolated systemThe entropy of a non-isolated systemIsovolumetric, isobaric, isothermal and adiabatic processesAdiabatic processes in monatomic ideal gasesCyclic gas processes used to run heat enginesHeat engine efficiencyThe Carnot cycle
● C. Wave Behaviour
C.4 Standing waves and resonanceThe nature of resonance, natural frequency, driving frequencyThe effects of dampingLight, critical and heavy damping
● D. Fields
D.1 Gravitational fieldsKepler's three laws of orbital motionDefinition of the gravitational potential energy of a systemDrag force on an orbiting body (qualitative description)
D.2 Electric and magnetic fieldsMillikan's experimentElectric charge transfer between bodiesElectric field strength between parallel platesDefinition of the electric potential energy of a system
D.3 Motion in electromagnetic fieldsThe motion of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic fieldThe force per unit length between parallel wires
● E. Nuclear and Quantum Physics
E.1 Structure of the atomEmission and absorption spectra as information about chemical composition
E.2 Quantum physicsCompton scattering of light by electronsThe shift in photon wavelength after scattering off an electronE.4 FissionThe properties of the products of nuclear fission and their management
E.5 Fusion and starsThe stability of starsFusion as a source of energy in starsThe conditions leading to fusion in stars in terms of density and temperatureThe effect of stellar mass on the evolution of a starThe Hertzsprung–Russell diagramStellar parallaxDetermining stellar radii
考试评估变化:
● 外部考试:
所有学生将只参加两个Paper的考试。
Paper1分为A卷和B卷。A卷为选择题,B卷为数据分析题。Paper2是简答题和扩展回题,将知识、概念和技能整合到相关的背景中。不再有Paper3。除其他调整(材料、生物化学、能源和药物化学)外,选修部分也被删除。选修Topic的一些内容被包含在改革后的IB物理课程中。
● 内部评估也发生了变化:“科学调查”(内部评估)让学生有机会在小组中一起工作和互相帮助。如果自变量或因变量不同,并且获取的数据特定于每个学生,则学生可以在适当时共享类似的方法。
每个学生报告中的字数将保持在最多 3,000 个。由于 50% 的分数分配给结论和评估,修订后的标准将更加关注高阶思维能力。
学习改革后的IB物理课程,IB学生也应该把握好以下课程资源的使用:
1、IB物理课程大纲(注意使用新版课程大纲,IBO有详细版的指南);
2、IB物理样题。可以通过新样题了解IB物理课程的考试形式;
3、IB物理历年真题。万变不离其宗,即便IB物理课程大纲进行了改革,很多物理知识内容还是共通的。IB物理历年真题是大家练习复习的绝佳资源。
4、多个出版社已经出版改革后的IB物理课程教科书。各出版社的教材都有其优缺点,大家可以搭配使用。现在这个时间,DP1的新生正在追赶IBDP课程进度。
再次提醒IBDP学生,作为一门以严谨和严格而著称的国际课程,IBDP大考没有灰色地带,没有捷径可走。打好基本功,走好IBDP学习每一步,战胜IBDP大考不在话下!