9月21日托福考情速递

9月21日托福考试落下帷幕考情速递也已经出炉了！听力继续hard模式，不少同学被听力难哭。

同学们觉得这次考得如何？期待备考同学们都能顺利上岸！

👉🏽【上午场】考情回忆👈🏽

阅读

R1

压舱水是船舶为了维持航行平衡而装载的一种特殊注水，它对确保船舶安全至关重要，但同时也是海洋生物入侵的一个主要途径。空载船只在某个港口装载压舱水时，可能会将水母等微小海洋生物带到其他海域，引发生物入侵的问题。例如，北美海岸的一种水母被带到了黑海，并在那里大量繁殖，造成了生态问题。最终，通过引入另一种水母来控制泛滥，政府成功解决了这一问题。然而，这种成功控制生物入侵的例子并不多见，人类并非总能如此幸运地解决问题。

新西兰为了防止日本海星通过压舱水入侵本地海域，采取了新的政策，禁止携带有潜在入侵生物的船只在其港口排放压舱水。最终，人们认识到，一种有效的方法是在公海中装载压舱水，在到达目的港口时排放，然后再次装载港口水在公海排放。这样做的原因是，公海中的微生物和近海生物很难在新环境中生存，因此不太可能引发严重的生物入侵问题。这一共识有助于减少因压舱水引起的海洋生物入侵事件

R2

关于珊瑚礁的起源与多样性，尤其是环礁的形成过程，一直是科学家们研究的热点。不同种类的珊瑚礁可能源自不同的形成过程和历史背景。环礁的形成特别引人入胜，因为人们曾对这些远离陆地、在深海中如何形成的珊瑚礁感到好奇。达尔文认为，环礁是由新生的火山岛周围的珊瑚礁，在岛屿逐渐沉没的过程中形成的。如果岛屿沉没的速度不是过快，珊瑚礁能够持续生长，最终在岛屿消失后形成环礁。这一理论将岸礁、堡礁和环礁这三种主要的珊瑚礁类型串联起来，构成了一个连续的演化过程。

然而，并非所有的堡礁和岸礁都能用达尔文的理论来解释。实际上，许多堡礁和岸礁位于大陆边缘或非火山的高地岛屿周围，这些地方为珊瑚礁的生长提供了适宜的环境和基底。这些珊瑚礁的形成主要是因为它们能在浅水区域的合适基底上开始生长。地质学家在环礁钻探中发现的火山岩作为证据，支持了达尔文关于环礁起源的理论。平顶山（guyot）的存在位于海面以下数百至数千米的深处，但它们的表面仍有浅水珊瑚的痕迹，这表明这些平顶山的下沉速度太快，珊瑚礁无法跟上，因而无法维持在海面上。

R3

在1969年，科学家们对月球是否存在地震活动持有疑问。为了解答这个问题，阿波罗12至17号任务在月球上安装了5台地震仪来监测月球的地质活动。月球与地球的环境大相径庭，地球地质活动频繁，而月球则相对平静。但地震仪的监测结果揭示，月球每年大约会发生600至3000次地震，其强度均不超过2级。

月球地震主要分为三种类型：

第一种是深源地震，发生在地表下大约600至900公里的深度，大约有400个地震源，大约每隔14天就会发生一次，这些地震受到地球潮汐力的显著影响。

第二种是浅层地震，其发生模式并不规律，可能与月球表面下存在的水分或极端温度变化有关。

第三种地震则是由外部物体，如流星体等的撞击引起的，这些撞击产生的冲击波可以被地震仪清晰地记录下来。

月球的结构由外至内分为几层，最外层是坚固的岩石壳，下面则是更加坚硬的岩层，月球内部没有液态层。这些特点使得月球的地震活动与地球有着显著的不同，为科学家们提供了研究月球地质历史的重要线索。

听力

C 1

第一个对话似乎是校友之家组织活动要雇演员，开了个很低效的会，最后决定在本校表演系找，还要联系一个学生的父亲

C 2

第二个对话学生先交论文，然后借着讨论小组作业谈到了两个市场营销里的效应（reignmann效应还有自行车运动员），说明小组工作影响个人效率。

L 1

第一个是艺术史，一个西班牙画家《拿扇子的女人》，猜主人公身份

L 2

在这段地质学讲座中，教授探讨了白蚁的生态作用，尽管它们通常被视为破坏性害虫，但其实可以提供重要的地质信息。白蚁通过挖掘和堆积土壤建造高耸的土丘，以保持环境湿润，这一过程被称为生物扰动（bioturbation）。教授指出，白蚁的土丘能将地下的矿物质带到地表，帮助矿产勘探，尤其是在非洲。最近的研究发现，白蚁可以从深达30米的地方挖掘水源，但它们大部分构筑土丘所用的材料主要来自3至4米深的土壤。

这意味着无论是大型还是小型的白蚁土丘都含有相似的矿物成分，为矿产勘探提供了低成本的分析方法。此外，白蚁和其他昆虫体内储存的矿物质也能帮助识别地下金属的存在。最后，教授提到白蚁土丘的营养丰富，动物会将其作为矿物舔食点，从而改善周边土壤的矿物多样性。因此，白蚁不仅有助于地质学研究，也对生态系统有积极影响。

L 3

在这段地理讲座中，教授讨论了1507年发布的瓦尔德西米勒地图，它是历史上重要的地图之一。这张地图首次将新大陆命名为“美洲”，并由马丁·瓦尔德西米勒和马特乌斯·林格曼共同绘制。教授提到，尽管哥伦布被认为是第一个跨越大西洋的欧洲人，但美洲名称是为了纪念探险家亚美利哥·韦斯普奇。

韦斯普奇的航行扩展到了南美大陆，挑战了当时的地理观念。教授还指出，虽然韦斯普奇的信件影响了地图的绘制，但其中一些信件的真实性受到质疑。此外，地图显示的大陆周围环水的概念在当时引起了困惑，因为直到1513年才有人看到太平洋。最后，教授提到，尽管地图的印刷量有限且大部分早期版本消失，但仍有一份在德国城堡被意外发现，保存至今。

口语

TASK 1独立口语题

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents cannot be friends with their children.

TASK 2校园题

New Fruits and Vegetables Program in Cafeteria

The girl in the listening passage agrees with the new fruits and vegetables program in the cafeteria for two reasons.

Firstly, farmers spend a great deal of time, resources, and water to grow agricultural products. If these are not eaten up, it would be a waste of the farmers' efforts.

Secondly, for students, it can also save money which can be used to buy books or computers.

TASK 3学术讲座题

Audience Profile refers to the understanding of the preferences and needs of potential customers. By doing so, enterprises can create more targeted advertisements and attract consumers who are truly likely to purchase their products.

In the listening example, a few years ago, the sales of this protein bar company were mediocre. After investigation, it was found that the main customers were women with children who were more concerned about the nutrition of protein bars rather than the taste. Based on this information, the milk company made targeted advertisements by inviting a silver-haired doctor to tell those worried mothers how the company's nutritious and healthy protein bars are beneficial to children's health. As a result, the sales volume was successfully increased and the company became a market leader. Therefore, before writing an advertisement, figure out two things: who is likely to buy your product and what she cares about? Answer these questions and you will have a successful advertisement.

TASK 4 学术讲座题

Two ways urban areas affect plant growth:

Cities have higher temperatures. For example, trees in big cities around the world are 25% larger than those of the same species growing in the countryside.

Seeds are more likely to germinate in cities. For example, a flowering plant exists both in the countryside and in cities. The urban variety has heavier seeds that are not easily blown away by the wind.

写作

综合写作

Alaska's Chinook salmon population has been dwindling, prompting investigations into the reasons behind this concerning decline. The reading section presents three primary factors contributing to this decrease.However, a contrasting perspective emerges in the listening, challenging the validity of these claims.

The reading statesthat competition for food with other species is a significant factor affecting Chinook salmon numbers. It suggests that the presence of competing species foraging for the same food sources has led to a reduction in the salmon population. However, the listening refutes this claim by highlighting that these species actually forage in different areas, negating the existence of direct competition for resources.

In addition, the reading points to warmer ocean temperatures as a key factor negatively impacting the Chinook salmon habitat and contributing to their diminishing population. Nonetheless, the listening challenges this assertion by arguing that the decline in Chinook salmon populations began before the ocean temperature rise, suggesting that temperature increase may not be the primary cause of their diminishing numbers.

Finally, the reading emphasizes the increase in predators as a direct threat to the survival of Chinook salmon in Alaska's waters. However, the listening reveals a critical detail overlooked in the reading's arguments. It discloses that researchers equipped the Chinook salmon with tracking devices, inadvertently slowing down their swimming speed and making them more susceptible to predators. This revelation underscores how human interference can distort natural ecological dynamics and alter predator-prey relationships, casting doubt on the reading's assertion about the rise in predators being a natural consequence of declining salmon numbers.

学术讨论

Professor:Some people prefer to obtain information about current events through social media, while others prefer traditional platforms such as books, newspapers, and television to watch the news. Which type of media do you prefer to use to get information about current events?

Student A:Information on social media is updated more frequently. It's convenient. Student B:I support traditional media. Traditional media provides more accurate information, and through television, you can see high-quality visuals.

👉🏽【下午场】考情回忆👈🏽

阅读

R1

压舱水是船舶为了维持航行平衡而装载的一种特殊注水，它对确保船舶安全至关重要，但同时也是海洋生物入侵的一个主要途径。空载船只在某个港口装载压舱水时，可能会将水母等微小海洋生物带到其他海域，引发生物入侵的问题。例如，北美海岸的一种水母被带到了黑海，并在那里大量繁殖，造成了生态问题。最终，通过引入另一种水母来控制泛滥，政府成功解决了这一问题。然而，这种成功控制生物入侵的例子并不多见，人类并非总能如此幸运地解决问题。

新西兰为了防止日本海星通过压舱水入侵本地海域，采取了新的政策，禁止携带有潜在入侵生物的船只在其港口排放压舱水。最终，人们认识到，一种有效的方法是在公海中装载压舱水，在到达目的港口时排放，然后再次装载港口水在公海排放。这样做的原因是，公海中的微生物和近海生物很难在新环境中生存，因此不太可能引发严重的生物入侵问题。这一共识有助于减少因压舱水引起的海洋生物入侵事件

R2

关于珊瑚礁的起源与多样性，尤其是环礁的形成过程，一直是科学家们研究的热点。不同种类的珊瑚礁可能源自不同的形成过程和历史背景。环礁的形成特别引人入胜，因为人们曾对这些远离陆地、在深海中如何形成的珊瑚礁感到好奇。达尔文认为，环礁是由新生的火山岛周围的珊瑚礁，在岛屿逐渐沉没的过程中形成的。如果岛屿沉没的速度不是过快，珊瑚礁能够持续生长，最终在岛屿消失后形成环礁。这一理论将岸礁、堡礁和环礁这三种主要的珊瑚礁类型串联起来，构成了一个连续的演化过程。

然而，并非所有的堡礁和岸礁都能用达尔文的理论来解释。实际上，许多堡礁和岸礁位于大陆边缘或非火山的高地岛屿周围，这些地方为珊瑚礁的生长提供了适宜的环境和基底。这些珊瑚礁的形成主要是因为它们能在浅水区域的合适基底上开始生长。地质学家在环礁钻探中发现的火山岩作为证据，支持了达尔文关于环礁起源的理论。平顶山（guyot）的存在位于海面以下数百至数千米的深处，但它们的表面仍有浅水珊瑚的痕迹，这表明这些平顶山的下沉速度太快，珊瑚礁无法跟上，因而无法维持在海面上。

R3

在1969年，科学家们对月球是否存在地震活动持有疑问。为了解答这个问题，阿波罗12至17号任务在月球上安装了5台地震仪来监测月球的地质活动。月球与地球的环境大相径庭，地球地质活动频繁，而月球则相对平静。但地震仪的监测结果揭示，月球每年大约会发生600至3000次地震，其强度均不超过2级。

月球地震主要分为三种类型：

第一种是深源地震，发生在地表下大约600至900公里的深度，大约有400个地震源，大约每隔14天就会发生一次，这些地震受到地球潮汐力的显著影响。

第二种是浅层地震，其发生模式并不规律，可能与月球表面下存在的水分或极端温度变化有关。

第三种地震则是由外部物体，如流星体等的撞击引起的，这些撞击产生的冲击波可以被地震仪清晰地记录下来。

月球的结构由外至内分为几层，最外层是坚固的岩石壳，下面则是更加坚硬的岩层，月球内部没有液态层。这些特点使得月球的地震活动与地球有着显著的不同，为科学家们提供了研究月球地质历史的重要线索。

听力

C 1

comic和mysteryC 2

打篮球的女生选课职业规划

L 1

地球物质甲烷

L 2

肌肉和运动表现

L 3

据年轮判断气候干湿

L4

沉淀物的方法

口语

TASK 1独立口语题

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Some people believe old people should not take risks and participate in adventurous/ challenging events like young people.

TASK 2校园题

The school plans to hold a writing retreat on a farm or outdoors, and there will be some coaches to provide guidance.

The student in the listening passage agrees for two reasons. Firstly, if she goes to the library to do homework, she will chat with friends and her efficiency will be very low.

Secondly, if there are questions, she can ask the teacher on the spot and get timely feedback without having to wait.

TASK 3学术讲座题

Biocleaning can be used to clean ancient artworks without causing damage to them.

For example, when cleaning the black outer layer of ancient Greek statues, there is a special kind of bacteria that can remove this outer layer without causing any damage to the statue. However, traditional methods using chemical compounds for cleaning can damage the statue.

TASK 4 学术讲座题

Different breathing methods of aquatic mammals when sleeping in the ocean:

1.Some body parts of mammals can act like natural floatation devices. For example, walruses have large pouches or air sacs on both sides of their necks. When they are in the water, these air sacs can expand, allowing them to keep their heads above water.

2. Some aquatic mammals can remain partially alert when sleeping. For example, even when dolphins are sleeping, there is a section in their heads that is awake and will send signals from time to time to remind dolphins to swim to the surface to breathe.

写作

综合写作

The ancient city of Pompeii, unearthed with its historical treasures, has faced significant challenges of deterioration and collapse over the years. The reading proposes three primary reasons for the decay. However, a contrasting perspective emerges in the listening, challenging the validity of these claims.

The reading suggests that wild birds, particularly pigeons, contributed to the destruction by damaging the ash that protects the walls and leaving acidic droppings that harm the structures. However, the listening challenges this claim by proposing a more effective solution. Training hawks to hunt these pigeons could deter the wild birds from approaching the city, ensuring their protection without resorting to drastic measures.

Furthermore, the reading highlights tourist-induced damage, where visitors stole bricks or chunks of the ancient city due to insufficient surveillance by guards, as a significant cause of deterioration. Contrary to this assertion, the listening offers a practical alternative. Instead of hiring expensive guards, historical enthusiasts could volunteer to educate and supervise tourists without any monetary incentive. Their passion and dedication could have deterred theft and ensure the preservation of the site's integrity.

Finally, the reading points to structural vulnerabilities within the buildings as a key factor contributing to the city's collapse, despite attempts at support and restoration. However, the listening refutes this claim by attributing the structural damage to harmful chemical substances present in the cement used for construction. The exposure of these substances to water triggered reactions leading to wall collapses. The development of a new, more stable cement by experts has addressed this issue, ensuring the structural integrity and stability of the walls.

学术讨论

Dr. Achebe

This week, we are discussing the social psychology of sports. We have learned that sports often have positive psychological effects on athletes, such as the members of sports teams. But how can we describe their effects on other groups of people such as sports enthusiasts or sports fans? Consider the following question: When people spend a lot of time watching sports or following their favorite team, does it have a negative effect on their lives? Why or why not？

Claire

l agree that focusing on sports too much can have negative impacts.For example, some people who like watching sports on television have few other interests. In fact, it seems like watching sports is all they're interested in. l sometimes find such people annoying because they care too much about things that don't matter.

Paul

I am not sure what we mean by spending “a lot of time following sports”. But following sports has helped me in life. When l first met one of my best friends, Daphne, l started a conversation with her by saying something about a sports team l liked. Then we moved to other topics, but sports were a great conservation-starter.