2月22日托福考试落下帷幕考情速递也已经出炉了！
阅读
R 1
Life on Mars (8B原题重现)
R 2
Nile Flood（真题班第二套第二篇原题）
R 3
Equestrian Portraits in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth centuries
R 4
Moon Origins
R5
Fishing，Farming，and the Rise of Civilization in Peru
在南美洲有一个P国家，这个国家的捕鱼业使这个国家兴盛强大。这个国家西海岸的洋流。使得当地成为了整个西半球最丰盛的渔业捕鱼区，同时也因为这样的气候，使得当地的土地成为了最干旱的土地。因此当地只能通过捕鱼业来进行发展，在公元前几千年的时间当中，在当地已经出现了一些农业，但是真正养活这个土地大多数人民的，其实还是捕鱼业。也是因为捕鱼业的强盛，使得这个干旱的土地，在很长一段时间当中，农业都非常的不发达。而且在很长的时间之内，他们也只能在河流的旁边，来进行简单的容易的种植。
目前两三千年才开始的，他们种植最开始也是从高山和盆地来进行开始，因为这些地方有河流来进行灌溉。而下游的干旱的土地，则是在很后期才开始有农业的出现。农业发展的最重要的原因，当他在长时间内来缺水的时候，是必须有方式来进行灌溉的，而在当地出现了一些梯田，会方便他们来进行种植。而且如果想进行灌溉的话，还需要有非常多的劳动力，并且这些劳动力，还能够形成正向的反馈，只有这样农业的发展。
公元前两三千年的时候，整个当地的产业发生了很大的转移，渔业慢慢的衰退，农业慢慢的兴盛。很多的人从原来的海边的渔村，转向内陆的河谷来从事相关的农业，因为在这些地方灌溉已经开始出现。地村民可以合作起来来去挖掘运河，而这些就水资源可以保证当地进行很重要的粮食作物的种植。因为海洋资源的不稳定，农业就提供了一个非常重要的食物供给的作用。考古学家在当地发现了几十个建筑群，这说明在当地的农业，已经形成了非常大的规模。
考古学家们在当地还发现了非常巨大的建筑群，这个建筑群有一个u型的建筑主体，他们可能会需要上百万个劳动力，大规模的劳动才能建造出来。这种规模，当地的居民不可能独自见到如此。考古学家们怀疑，这个有可能是当地的农民和渔民合作起来，建筑的一个建筑群，来把这个当做他们的市场。这些建筑群周围是没有居民的，而这些举行的建筑包括寺庙，庭院应该都是由农业局记起来的，这代表着在当地有大量的人口在从事劳动。这些遗址要么是宗教中心，要么是交换的市场。
R 6
Dutch Art and the Middle Class （2025购置新题原题
R 7
Ethanol
听力
C 1
C1 Alice Parker与大学剧院经理Mr.Anderson讨论了莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》剧目排练的安排。首先，Alice提到她的排练时间与舞蹈团的排练时间冲突，Mr. Anderson解释是由于排练软件的故障导致剧院双重预订，建议Alice将排练移到一个较小的剧场。接着，Alice讨论了剧目的技术需求，包括布景、灯光和音效等。她提到在剧中出现哈姆雷特父王鬼魂的场景，并提出用雾霾材料和特殊灯光效果来实现效果。Mr. Anderson建议她与技术总监Ms.Cruz进一步讨论，Ms.Cruz会提供更多的技术细节，并建议Alice与服装设计师Margaret Jackson沟通。Alice还提到剧中的场景涉及乡间的户外和城堡的石墙，但由于预算有限，她担心布景费用问题。MrAnderson解释说，Ms.Cruz可能会建议使用背景画布代替实际的建筑物，以节省成本。最后，Alice决定前往剧院继续与Ms.Cruz讨论，期待排练的开始。
C2心理学教授和学生Jake讨论了他即将进行的研究项目。Jake解释了他计划做的一个调查，灵感来自他在学术期刊中看到的一项关于都市传说的研究。研究显示，大学生们阅读四个不同版本的都市传说，并回答这些故事有多可信的问题。不同版本的故事有不同的细节，如某些故事包括特定的名字和地点，而其他版本则没有。研究的目的是了解这些细节是否会影响学生们对故事的信任度和复述的频率。教授表示，关于谣言的研究已有很多，特别是关于人们传递信息和判断故事可信度的方面。Jake计划在他的项目中复制这项研究，同时增加一些自己的想法，例如他想探讨故事的主题是否会影响其可信度或重复的频率。他打算让其中一个故事发生在大学校园里，类似于图书馆沉陷的都市传说，认为学生可能会觉得这个故事更可信，因为他们能与之产生共鸣。
L 1
L1音乐史，伊戈尔·斯特拉文斯基的作品《春之祭》的首演及其引发的轰动反响。1913年5月，在巴黎一座刚刚修复的剧院里，《春之祭》首次亮相。尽管开场是传统的芭蕾舞音乐，但随后的《春之祭》却打破了传统，采用了不和谐的音乐和革命性的舞蹈形式。音乐的开头是由低音管演奏的高音，接着其他乐器加入，各自演奏美丽的旋律，但并未与其他乐器的演奏协调，形成了一种混乱的感觉。随着舞蹈的开始，舞者们穿着粗糙的服装，动作不再优雅，而是反复踩踏，极具冲击力。由于这些不合传统的元素，观众分成了支持者和反对者，现场发生了激烈的争论和冲突，甚至需要警方干预。尽管首演引发了暴动，斯特拉文斯基对这一反应感到失望，但节目制作人却感到高兴，因为巴黎的每个人都在谈论这-“丑闻”。虽然《春之祭》标志着一个新的现代音乐时代的开始，但许多人认为，观众的怒更多是因为舞蹈的编排，而非音乐本身。直到约一年后，作品没有舞蹈演出时，音乐才得到了应有的认可。最终，《春之祭》成为现代经典，舞蹈部分在第一次世界大战后发生了变化
L2 Stonehenge
L3 地球大气层主要由氮气和氧气组成，其中氮气占约78%，氧气占21%。氮气化学性质稳定，对大气影响不大，而氧气容易与其他元素反应，因此需要不断补充。物、树木以及海洋中的微生物通过光合作用释放氧气，这是地球氧气来源的主要方式。地球在约45亿年前形成初期，大气层中氧气含量非常低。早期的氧气主要通过紫外线作用分解水分子产生，但这种反应不足以氧化大气。约25亿年前，海洋中的微生物开始进行光合作用，显著增加了大气中的氧气含量。然而，大气氧气的波动也与有机物的埋藏有关。约5亿年前寒武纪时期，大量有机碳在海底沉积，减少了氧气与有机碳的反应，进一步推动了氧气的积累。后来，碳时期陆地植物的出现进一步增加了大气中的氧气水平。尽管如此，氧气水平在随后的地质时期有所下降，甚至降至今天水平的一半。此外，埋藏的有机物转化为化石燃料，如煤和石油，但这些资源的开采速度远超其自然再生速度，因此被视为不可再生资源，
C1 part time job，一个marketing专业的学生去学校就业中心找老师问有没有适合她的兼职。然后老师说问她有没有看网站，学生说网站上的工作都太普通了，没有和她专业相符合的，并说自己有一段帮亲戚家公司销售的经历。老师推荐了一个Titan?公司的饮料推广职位，相当于该公司的校园大使。学生说自己需要了解饮料的成分是否真的对运动员有用。老师说这个职位和销售不一样需要很energetic，和校内组织打好关系等等
C2（真题库原题）学生与教授讨论了他为独立项目设计戏剧服装的进展。学生选择了《我的儿子们》这部剧，并希望设计的服装能被家乡剧院采纳。由于剧院将在夏季上演该剧，他希望提前准备设计，以便为制作提供充足时间。学生已经开始进行草图设计，但他担心这些草图缺乏足够的真实性，尤其是考虑到剧本设定在1940年代的美国。他希望能够准确地呈现那个时代的服装风格，因此向教授求助。教授建议学生查看20世纪40年代的真实照片，而非电影中的服装，因为电影往往美化现实，未必反映普通人的穿着。此外，教授还提醒学生要研究当时常用的面料，例如人造丝在二战期间因丝绸稀缺而成为流行材料，许多羊毛被用于制作军用毛毯，因此人们更多使用人造丝和羊毛混纺面料。教授还指出，虽然真实性很重要，但在戏剧中，服装的外观效果更为关键。如果能够找到便宜但外观相似的面料，比使用昂贵面料可能更合适。最终，学生计划继续研究面料，并确保设计既符合历史背景，又适合剧场效果。
L1 天文学，与小行星和木星有关
L2 生态学，一个mammal物种的灭绝有两个原因，一个是因为气候变化造成的全球变暖，一个是因为人类migrate到这个物种的栖息地，对这个物种进行了hunting，老师最后说，两个都对，所以现在的不应该继续争论，应该focus在别的事情上。
L4 ancient history，说到一开始是认为M城邦因为气候变化导致农业变化灭亡，但是又发现这和建筑的损毁对不上。后面提到一个什么complex theory，再研究发现是因为M城邦建造了太多人文奇观，建造这些人文奇观需要劳工守卫领导者啥的，反正导致不从事农业生产的人太多，后面农民暴动摧毁了建筑。中间有一段讲到了采集了个什么 data，通过 computer program模拟消亡数据什么的，最后确认是两个原因都有涉及到。
口语
TASK 1独立口语题
Task 1:（套一）
When meeting problems in your daily life, would you like to solve the problem such as conflicts between friends in a humorous way, or would you like to solve it in a serious way? Use specific examples and details in your response.
Task 1:（套二）
Some people think that students learn better through the process of playing educational games in groups in the classroom. Others think that playing games is not a good use of classroom time. Which view do you agree with? Explain why.
Task 1:（套三）
Some people prefer to go to gym every day, while some people prefer to go when they have free time, which do you prefer and why?
TASK 2校园题
Task 2:（套一）
Reading: Cancel the writing center’s walk-in service.
Listening: Opposition: 1. Reduce the number of tutors. 2. If canceled, when students have last-minute issues, there will be no one available to ask.
Task 2:（套二）
Reading: Students majoring in Environmental Science are going to participate in an Arctic program.
Listening: Disagreement.
Task 2:（套三）
Reading: The students believe that the campus newspaper should only hire journalism majors, as this would be more beneficial for them. They could have more articles published because they have already written some as part of their assignments.
Listening: The male student, who is an editor at the newspaper, disagrees. He argues that students from other majors are also interested, and he himself is studying history and might pursue a career in journalism in the future. He points out that publishing articles involves a lot of processes, and due to time constraints, it’s not possible to review more submissions.
TASK 3学术讲座题
Task 3:（套一）
Reading: People decide their behavior based on cost/profit.
Listening: In a parking lot, a car’s headlights are left on. If the car door is open, passersby will help turn off the headlights. However, if the car door is closed, people will ignore it.
Task 3:（套二）
Reading: Find consumers who meet expectations and invite them to appear in the advertisement.
Listening: The health bar targets young working women. The business found a young woman and featured her in an ad showing her eating the restaurant’s food before exercising. The ad was very successful.
Task 3:（套三）
Trial offer: Customers can get the product through phone or online, and after using it for a period of time, they can decide whether to purchase it. If they choose not to buy, they can return it.
The professor shared a personal example. He saw an arm exercise equipment advertisement on TV, claiming that using it would make one’s arms stronger, and that the results were very good. There was a phone number provided at the bottom of the ad. The professor wasn’t sure about the effectiveness, so he didn’t buy it. A few days later, the same product’s ad appeared again. This time, in addition to the phone number, it mentioned that customers could place an order, try it for a month, and if the results weren’t satisfactory, they could return it. If they were happy with the results, they could pay. The professor thought that since he could return it without any loss even if it didn’t work, he went ahead and ordered it. After using it, he found it worked well, so he decided to buy it.
TASK 4 学术讲座题
Task 4（2套）
A:
The professor explains two marketing strategies a small business with a limited budget can use:
1. Narrowing the advertising scope and targeting the right audience
Example: A music store can place ads in social media sections or forums related to music, effectively reaching its target audience at the lowest cost.
2. Collaboration
Example: The music store can collaborate with local music schools for joint promotional activities, helping each business attract customers. This partnership effectively expands influence and saves resources.
B:
Soft-shelled eggs are a special type of egg with a soft and highly permeable shell. This structure helps maintain moisture inside the egg, providing a suitable environment for embryo development.
Examples:
Frogs: Frog eggs are usually encased in a gelatinous substance, and they lack a hard shell. Instead, they are protected by a soft membrane, which helps keep the eggs moist in water and facilitates necessary oxygen and water exchange for the developing embryos.
Snakes: Many snake species, such as those from the racer snakes and water snakes family, lay soft-shelled eggs. Their shells are soft and elastic, able to adapt to different environmental conditions while maintaining moisture inside the egg to ensure proper embryo development.
写作
综合写作
Boththe reading and listening are talking about three ways to eliminate velvet trees in Hawaii.The lecturer disagrees with the reading, suggesting all the methods mentioned are flawed.
First, the reading asserts that velvet treescan be directly reduced through manual removal, thereby achieving the goal of eliminating themHowever, according to the lecturer,after the trees are removed, there will be abundant sunlight, which can cause the seeds to germinate. The areas previously shaded by the tree canopies will receive a large amount of sunlight which provides favorable conditions for the tree seeds already present in the soil
Second, the reading suggests introducing a certain type of fungus, a natural enemy of the velvet tree, to serve as biological control. Nevertheless, the lecturer argues that the fungus cannot infect the trees in Hawaii, where occasional droughts occur. The survival and spread of this fungus require specific environmental conditions such as humidity. In arid environments, the fungus has difficulty surviving and reproducing, thus being unable to effectively infect velvet trees.
Lastly, the reading suggests restricting people's behavior of spreading seeds, prevent people from carrying and dispersing seeds around. In contrast,human activities are only one of the reasons for seed dispersal. Animals like birds can also spread the seeds. They consume the seeds and then fly away with them. Since they can fly to many places, the seeds will still be scattered. Due to the wide - ranging activities of birds, they can reach areas where human intervention is difficult.Therefore, preventing humans from spreading seeds cannot completely stop the spread of tree seeds,
学术讨论
【竞赛报名/项目咨询+微信：mollywei007】
