3月1日托福考试落下帷幕考情速递也已经出炉了！
大面积的老题，新题比例极低！超多原题！是熟悉的配方~真是个出分的好日子
阅读
套 1
Chondrites球状陨石
第一段：
主要讲述了陨石是研究地球和太阳系形成的关键。尽管从外观上看，许多陨石与地球上的岩石并无显著不同，但深入研究后发现它们之间存在显著差异，这些差异揭示了它们遥远的起源。最常见的陨石类型——统称为“球粒陨石”——包含了关于构建我们星球所需材料的线索。
第二段：
进一步指出，球粒陨石只是多种陨石类型中的一种，所有陨石都古老，但每种都有不同的历史，并包含有关地球和其他行星如何形成和演化的线索。例如，铁陨石组是由固体铁金属构成的，其中掺杂了适量的镍。所有证据都表明，这些陨石与行星内部的金属核心相似。
第三段：
主要描述了球粒陨石与铁陨石的不同之处。球粒陨石由多种矿物颗粒组成，其中许多是地球岩石的常见成分，但也包括在地球岩石中不存在的纯铁金属，以及被称为“球粒”的小型大理石状球形物体（球粒陨石因此得名）。
球粒陨石的杂乱纹理表明它们是在一个过程中随机聚集不同的成分并粘合在一起形成的。这种纹理也立即揭示了球粒陨石的一个重要特性：它们从未被熔化。此外，球粒陨石中的矿物颗粒提供了通过放射性测年法测量到的最古老年龄，这些年龄可以追溯到太阳系的最初时期。
这两个特性使得研究这些引人入胜的天体的地球化学家得出结论：球粒陨石为我们带来了在地球或其他陨石种类中无法找到的东西——即构成地球和邻近行星的原始材料的未经处理样本。
虎哥托福它们似乎是太阳系中地球形成时漂浮的固体物质的未改变样本，有强有力的证据表明它们来自从未长到足够大以至于像较大物体那样加热和熔化的小行星。
第四段：
主要阐述了球粒陨石的原始性质对于了解地球整体化学组成的重要性。人们可能会好奇，为什么这些来自太空的稀有岩石在地球本身就在我们脚下可供分析的情况下，仍然扮演着如此关键的角色。
简而言之，答案是我们如果想了解地球是如何达到当前状态的，就必须了解它最初的整体组成。然而，我们只能接触到地球薄薄的外层岩石，这与无法触及的内部截然不同。
但是，通过以球粒陨石的信息为参考点，将这些数据与地表岩石的直接测量数据以及通过遥感方法获得的内部信息相结合，地球化学家已经能够制定出满足已获得的独立证据（如地球密度）的地球整体组成模型。
第五段：
主要介绍了在构建地球和其他类地行星（即太阳系内部的岩石行星，包括水星、金星和火星）的组成模型时的一个重要概念：这些行星的组成取决于它们各自吸收的球粒陨石中主要矿物的比例。
铁是一个很好的例子，由于它非常丰富且密度大，类地行星之间众所周知的密度差异几乎完全可归因于它们铁含量的差异。球粒陨石中含有大量的铁金属颗粒，但不同的球粒陨石中铁的含量各不相同。根据这些模型，地球之所以比火星更密集，是因为其类似于球粒陨石的构造块恰好含有更多的铁。
同样，类地行星之间的其他差异也可以用不同行星吸收球粒陨石中不同成分的数量差异来解释。虎哥托福虽然这无疑是对实际情况的过度简化描述，但这并不妨碍将球粒陨石作为理解地球和其他行星组成的一个良好起点
套 2
The Nile River Valley 尼罗河
第一段：
尽管尼罗河谷的绿洲与其流过的撒哈拉沙漠形成鲜明对比，但这两个截然不同的地貌共同促成了非洲农业和定居人类社会发展的主要推动力。撒哈拉沙漠在干旱期间扮演了抽水泵的角色，将人们驱赶到周围地区寻找水源，条件好转时又吸引他们返回。
尼罗河则成为人们逃离沙漠的避难所，并在条件改善时成为重新定居沙漠地区的水源和资源。
第二段：
尼罗河通常被认为是食物作物栽培原则从埃及传播到非洲南部的主要通道。约9000年前，从西南亚引入的小麦、大麦、豌豆和扁豆等作物，确实维系了沿尼罗河建立的古埃及文明，但它们是相对较晚引入的，远迟于在更南部地区开始栽培非洲土著植物之后。
第三段：
与预期相反，最早表现出对食物生产的关键依赖而非食物采集的证据，并非来自尼罗河的泛滥平原，而是来自今天荒无人烟和缺水的撒哈拉地区。这一发展历程复杂，涉及到植物和牲畜的驯化、技术创新、村庄的建立以及日益增加的社会相互依赖。
第四段：
撒哈拉沙漠在末次冰盛期前广泛有人居住，但随着日益干旱的条件，驱使人类（以及几乎所有动物）离开其以前富饶的林地、草原环境。移居者大多是游牧式的，虽然有定居湖泊和其他食物和水源的倾向。向东进入尼罗河谷的群体则采取了明显的定居生活方式，因为在尼罗河两岸仅有狭窄的绿洲可以生存。
第五段：
18000年前的尼罗河与今天的埃及尼罗河完全不同。当时的尼罗河更小，流速较慢，通过一系列交织的河道在宽阔的高洪泛原上流动，而不是今天的单一大河流。河水携带大量的沉积物，沿岸的淤泥不断提升河流和洪泛平原的水平。
第六段：
那时的尼罗河谷实际上是一个狭长的绿洲，从苏丹延伸到现在的开罗，超过800公里的距离，但宽度从未超过几公里。这片绿洲的食物资源多样且营养丰富，但其数量和可获得性受季节变化和尼罗河年度洪水的影响。
第七段：
人们在尼罗河谷狩猎大型哺乳动物获取肉类和皮革，但环境和领土限制导致只有少量有限种类的物种可供选择。在考古遗址上发现的动物遗骸中，大型哺乳动物只占极小比例，仅有三种：狟（hartbeest）、东非瞪羚和一种野牛。
鸟类，特别是骨顶鸡和迁徙的鹅和鸭，经常被捕捉。然而，鱼类是主要的蛋白质来源，尤其是鲶鱼。至于碳水化合物，尼罗河谷提供了大量多样的种子、水果和软质植物组织
听力
C 1
drama
C 2
library的data base暂停使用 无法搜索journal
C 3
选取课程作业主题-一种植物泛滥
C 4
music class preapproval学术类 音乐课报名要求
C 5
university tour guide生活类 实习场景
C 6
关于 climate change的课题
C 7
和学校的工作人员约rehearsal place for audition of summer internship6. biology professor聊marine life 讲了蓝鲸为啥比恐龙还大
C 8
在这段对话中，一名学生向校园邮件室经理反映他收到了一本错误送到的杂志。经理查看后确认是送错了地址，并表示会处理，但由于本周人手不足，可能需要一些时间。学生得知邮件室的全职学生助理Ji Bradford正在休假，直到下周一才会回来。学生表示认识J，曾在上学期的英语文学课上与她一起上课。
经理提到，J在该课程中表现出色，并且写了一篇关于17世纪诗人的研究论文，该论文还得到了学术会议的认可，并因此得到了前往伦敦参加会议的机会。由于这一成就，英语系为Ji提供了资助，并且她的其他教授也允许她缺席课程。
学生对J的成就感到钦佩，但同时也表示希望她尽快回来，并幽默地询问经理是否愿意替代J工作。经理则笑着回应说，自己无法承担全职工作和全日制课程的压力，只有J能做到这一点。
C 9
一个工作面试 大概讲了面试官的工作经历和对于面试者的要求
C 10
是一个学生的面试和presentation时间撞了然后去和教授沟通
C 11
社团要和student government association合作收衣服
L 1
北美鲤鱼入侵
L 2
天文 free floating star
L 3
社会学
L 4
水下考古
L 5
geology，关于historical和physical
L 6
火星上的水和大气，大概就是现在火星上气压很低所以没有液态水，而之前火星上的大气比较厚所以可能有水和更高的温度
L 7
cow boy poems
L 8
中美洲与南美洲 交易 制作工艺品
L 9
(真题库原题)儿童阅读教育，一开始是说孩子们的阅读分数下降 然后研究调查说老师们大声朗读对孩子们的学习和认知有益。
L 10
online shops对于小众商品的好处
L 11
关于从植物种子中提取蛋白质的好处
口语
TASK 1独立口语题
Task 1:（套一）
Some people like reading electronic books on computers or on other devices, while some people like reading paper books. Which do you prefer?
Task 1:（套二）
When traveling, some people like to keep a record of their experiences——for example, by keeping a journal or by taking pictures. Other people prefer not to keep such records when traveling. Which do you prefer and why?
Task 1:（套三）
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: governments should invest money to art museum.
TASK 2校园题
Task 2:（套一）
- Reading: Exercise Videos on Gym Web Page
University should create some videos of the instructors teaching exerciseclasses and post them on the gym’s Web page.
1.busy Ss can have access to the videos on computers, fit in exercise moves when convenient
2.otherclasses Xtoo crowded
- Listening:
Woman agrees
1.They will have time to do other things such as yoga
2.many Ss go to the gym, they can have other options
Task 2:（套二）
- Reading
set up online tutoring system
- 听力
agrees
1. busy during daytime, because of part-time jobs and assignments.freeat night
2. Students live far from the school, so they are willing to join online program.
Task 2:（套三）
- Reading
The "Welcome to Campus" App
1. many orientation materials, beneficial to students
2. cancel some orientation sessions
- Listening
Woman partly agrees
1.the app is user-friendly, she once couldn’t find some building, then a student told her to download this app which was very helpful
2. but join sessions in person, students can make friends, so shouldn’t cancel the session.
TASK 3学术讲座题
Task 3:（套一）
- Reading:If a business has positive social impact, it will receive benefits
- Listening:
coffee shop, used plastic cups, then used recycled material. meanwhile required customersto bring their cups, then, they can get discount. finally,coffee shopbecame popular.
Task 3:（套二）
- Reading:
Vertical migration
Marine animals move up and down in the ocean to avoid predators and obtain food at the same time.
- Listening
There is a type of fish that stays at the bottom of the ocean during the day. It is dark there and it feels safe. At night, it swims to the surface area to get more food while remaining undetected by predators.
Task 3:（套三）
- Reading:
Animals that live in groups feel safer when staying with group members.
- Listening:
Take the example of a pig. When a wild pig is kept in a separate room, it is monitored that the pig's hormones will soar due to nervousness. When it is put together with its companions, it becomes less nervous.
TASK 4 学术讲座题
Task 4:（套一）
2 ways that animals protect themselves while sleeping
1. pay attention to environmental factor
Eg.lizard, stay on branch, when predatorapproach, lizardescape.
2. sleep while staying active
Eg. duck. While sleeping, keep one eye open. When predators come, ducks will drive them away.
Task 4（套二）
2 drawbacks of incentive pay
1. People who get rewarded are not those who contribute.
Eg. In a computer store, one employee introduces the product to customers. Then, the customer buys the computer the next day. The other employee gets rewards.
2. Cause negative competition
Eg. To earn the incentive, senior employees may not want to teach new employees useful skills.
Task 4:（套三）
2 strategies that help small businesses
1. promote specifically to target customers
Eg. music store only advertises on music social media, so it can attract people who are into music, like musicians
2. join business
Eg. music store can cooperate with music school.
写作第一套
综合写作
Cypress knees are unusual growths that stick up from the water around cypress trees. The reading claims that the unusual structures known as cypress knees serve three functions such as oxygen absorption, providing additional stability, and facilitating methane release. However, the lecturer disagrees with each of these proposed functions based on scientific evidence.
First, the passage mentions that cypress knees may help the trees' roots absorb oxygen, especially important in the low-oxygen soil of their watery habitats. In contrast, the listening demonstrates an opposing argument that cypress knees do not absorb oxygen. To be more specific, experiments reported in the lecture involved placing knees in a container filled with oxygen, where no change in oxygen content was observed, indicating that the knees do not function in oxygen absorption.
In addition, the author states that knees could provide additional stability to cypress trees, helping them stand firmly in soft, wet soil. Conversely, the lecturer asserts that the knees do not contribute to the stability of the trees. According to the listening material, the structural roots that provide stability are vertical, whereas the knees grow horizontally and therefore do not aid in stabilizing the tree. This directly challenges the reading's claim about the knees providing additional support.
Last but not least, the article suggests that knees may release methane gas from the trees' roots into the air, supported by the detection of methane above the knees. However, the speaker doubts this function and points out that methane, while useless to the trees, does not harm them, so there is no evolutionary pressure for trees to develop a feature to release it. Moreover, the listening material mentions that many tiny organisms on the roots can expel methane, further suggesting that the knees are not needed for methane release.
学术讨论
写作第二套
综合写作
“Ashen Light” is a yellowish golden glow from the nightside surface of the planet Venus, reported by high-powered telescopes occasionally. However, scientists have not determined its source yet. The reading passage proposes three theories to explain Ashen Light, but the lecturer disagrees with the reading and believes that all the theories the reading proposes have problems.
To begin with, the passage mentions that the glow on Venus is due to chemical reactions in its atmosphere, which are triggered by the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation. This radiation can produce highly reactive oxygen atoms that tend to combine into oxygen molecules, releasing energy as weak light. If these reactions happen on a large enough scale, the light would be visible from Earth. On the contrary, the listening material demonstrates the opposite idea that the chemical reactions on Venus would probably not cause the Ashen Light. When free oxygen atoms combine to form a double oxygen molecule, they would give off light in the green part of the color spectrum. However, most observations of Ashen Light gave off yellow or golden lights.
In addition, the author states that Ashn Light is the result of violent lightning storms on Venus. The conditions in Venus, featuring a dense atmosphere and thick cloud cover, enable the planet prone to intense lightning storms, which would cause frequent lightning flashes and generate a yellowish glow. In contrast, the lecturer asserts that the lightning storms on the night side of Venus are too weak to cause Ashen Light. To be more specific, lightning storms mentioned in the reading mostly took place on the day side of Venus, but Ashen Light has been reported from the night side of the planet. Thus, the author is heavily challenged by the lecture again.
Last but not least, the article suggests that Ashen Light could be an observational illusion caused by flaws in the telescopes or by atmospheric conditions. To be more specific, telescopes are complex, and small flaws in their design can create artificial optical impressions. Moreover, observers may mistake light distortions from Earth’s atmosphere for space events. However, the speaker is suspicious of the article and asserts that Ashen Light is a real phenomenon on Venus. This is because Ashen Light is often observed by different telescopes in different locations simultaneously. Therefore, the phenomenon is impossibly caused by flaws in telescopes or local atmospheric conditions.
学术讨论
写作第三套
综合写作
Scientists have long been intrigued by the phenomenon of play behavior in animals, seeking to understand the underlying reasons and benefits of such activities. The reading claims that animals play for three main reasons: to expend surplus energy, to practice essential survival skills, and to develop social bonds. However, the lecturer disagrees with the reading and believes that these reasons do not fully explain why animals engage in play, providing evidence that challenges each of the claims made in the reading.
Firstly, the reading suggests that animals play to utilize surplus energy that cannot be stored, making play a necessary activity for energy management. However, the lecture challenges this idea by mentioning observations of young seals who continue to play even when they have low energy reserves during periods when their mothers are away hunting. This indicates that play does not necessarily correlate with the need to expend surplus energy.
Secondly, the reading argues that play serves as instinctual practice for vital survival skills, such as hunting. It cites examples of animals like wolves who play in ways that mimic hunting behaviors. In contrast, the lecture presents a study where two groups of cats were observed: one group engaged in play that simulated hunting and the other did not. The results showed no significant difference in hunting skills as they grew older, suggesting that play may not be as crucial for developing hunting skills as the reading implies.
Lastly, the reading claims that play helps animals develop social bonds, using the example of rats that release pleasure-inducing chemicals in their brains during play. However, the lecture refutes this by noting that rats continue to develop social skills even after they have passed the age at which they typically engage in play. This observation suggests that the ability to develop social relationships is not exclusively dependent on play.
学术讨论
不同背景下托福备考策略
国际学校学生
优势：
- 阅读&听力：基础水平较好
- 口语&写作：能够输出、速度快
- 词汇：词汇丰富，使用灵活
问题：
- 语法基础弱，输出质量不足（阅读+口语+写作）
- 思路发散性强
- 对于解题技巧不熟悉
建议：
- 前期夯实语法理论基础，提高语感
- 通过4项练习，定位发散方向
- 掌握题型，提高应试技巧
- 备考周期：1-1.5年
公立学校/公立国际部学生
优势：
- 有一定的语法理论基础，
- 词汇量掌握较好
- 输出项目结构思路不错
- 了解一定解题技巧
问题：
- 输入项目水平不错，但仍需加强，
- 有一定输出、速度和质量但不够
- 词汇有，文中使用需要加强
建议：
- 前期提高输入：听力+阅读
- 多进行输出练习，多说多写
- 熟练应用所背词汇，精准使用
- 备考周期：1-1.5年
02不同阶段托福备考策略
托福考察核心
基础夯实阶段
技能提升阶段
考前冲刺阶段
- 时间不易过长
- 错题复盘
- 模考刷题
- 消除顽疾
【竞赛报名/项目咨询+微信：mollywei007】
