报告类大作文，环境类话题
The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the natural environment. What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this problem?
题目来源：2022年8月13日大陆雅思大作文（重复2016年4月21日大陆原题）
1、题目大意
消费品生产的增加导致了对自然环境的破坏。造成这种情况的原因是什么？怎样才能解决这个问题？
2、思路解析
这是一道报告类大作文，聊的是商品增长对于环境的破坏及解决办法。报告类的文章结构比较简单，两个主体段分别对应两个问题，主体段一分析造成环境破坏的原因，主体段二提出解决方案。审题时注意一点，题目讨论的商品增长造成污染的原因，而非商品增长的原因，因此不要写偏了。下面，月半鸭和大家一起来看下具体观点。
首先来看原因，有三方面。
一是制造越来越多的商品意味着需要消耗更多的原材料，这些原材料多数来自于大自然，过度开采会对当地的自然环境和生态环境造成破坏。
二是生产更多的商品需要有更多的工厂等生产设施，这些工厂在运作和生产过程中会产生大量的废气或废水，不进行妥善处理便会造成环境污染。
三是商品数量增加的同时，被淘汰和遗弃的物品也在增加。这些废弃物如果被随意丢弃，会污染土地、河流和海洋。即使被集中处理，用于填埋垃圾的土地也会变得难以再有效利用，甚至为了满足填埋过多的垃圾的需求，必须侵占更多人类或者动植物生存与活动的土地。
然后来看解决办法，有两方面。
一是鼓励人们循环利用，当遇到旧物损坏时，优先考虑维修而非购买新的事物。降低人们对新商品的需求进而减少新商品的生产数量。
二是对于生产过程制定更加严格环保要求及处罚措施，要求工厂在生产时对废水废气废料等进行有效处理，进而减少对于环境的污染。
三是尽可能使用更多清洁能源或可再生能源，比如用核电替代煤电来支持生产，以减少能源开采及使用时对环境造成的破坏。
3、提纲
4、高分范文示例
Mass consumption activates production booms and the expansion of the manufacturing sector in both industrialized and developing economies. Unfortunately, this unrestricted consumption is depleting resources and deteriorating the environment, and it will be necessary to discover strategies to prevent or reverse these negative effects.
Product manufacturing, processing, and disposal all exert negative impacts on the environment. During the manufacturing process, nonrenewable and nonregenerative raw materials and energy are brutally ripped from nature and manufactured in a highly polluting manner. To facilitate manufacturing, particularly in locations where minimal legal criteria are not always followed, hazardous waste is always produced. Furthermore, dangerous chemical compounds are introduced during raw material processing or the burning of fossil fuels. Additionally, factory expansion is often predicated on planned obsolescence and an increase in waste, which is a concern in and of itself because these wastes are likely to be released into rivers and oceans, posing harm to marine ecosystems and species. Further, the majority of wastes contain toxic or plastic compounds, suggesting that they will be a burden for decades to come.
Despite the fact that we cannot remove what has occurred, there are steps we can take to mitigate the problem. The linear manufacturing system could be replaced by a circular one in which broken or obsolete items are fixed and reused. Businesses could also manufacture environmentally friendly products. Furthermore, the government could impose laws and regulations on the industrial sector, pressing them to construct a waste-disposal purification system in order to meet the requirements. Governments should control the consumption of fossil fuels such as coal, gasoline, and diesel in order to reduce emissions of hazardous pollutants; at the same time, more energy could be supplied through the creation of nuclear power.
In conclusion, the rising demand for consumer goods has been rooted in the contemporary cultural context. However, it is never too late to identify the existence of a problem, and asking for a more environmentally friendly production method can be realistic.
5、相关词汇和语法结构
deterioration 恶化、变坏
obsolescence 过时、陈旧、淘汰
purification 提纯、净化
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