利弊类大作文，社会类话题
In some countries, small town-center shops are going out of business because people tend to drive to large out-of-town stores. As a result, people without cars have limited access to out-of-town stores, and it may result in an increase in the use of cars. Do you think the disadvantages of this change outweigh its advantages?
题目来源：2022年9月17日大陆雅思大作文（重复2010年11月27日大陆考题）
1、题目大意
在一些国家，镇中心的小商店正在倒闭，因为人们倾向于开车去镇外的大商场。因此，没有汽车的人去镇外商店会受到限制，可能导致汽车的使用增加。你认为这种变化的弊端是否大于优点？
2、思路解析
这是一道利弊类大作文，聊的是小商店减少及汽车使用量增加的利弊。利弊类文章需要强调在论证上体现合理性，即在具体的分析中，明确能体现出一边的论述的确是大于另一边，或是利弊均等，而利弊是否有说服力并不取决于观点的数量，而是内容是否有说服力。
这道题可以说今年非常难的一道题目了。一是因为字数多，是近几年字数最多的一道题，有的学生可能读完题目就已经晕了，根本没搞明白题目到底要讨论的是什么。实际上，这道题目前半部分“人们都去大商场导致小商店减少”和后半部分“人们需要开车去大商场导致汽车使用增加”都是在利弊的讨论范围内。
还有个原因是因为这道题的现实背景国内不常见，大家在国内经常能看到便利店和超时，但在国外因为人口密度低，有的小镇小店很少，只有一个大商场，然后人们去一次可能采购很多东西来满足接下去一段时间的需求。（如果还不理解可以刷刷抖音的国外博主购物视频）
在明白这个背景后，月半鸭和大家一起来看下具体观点。
首先来看优势，有三方面。
一是人们单次购物更加方便。大型商场商品种类更加齐全，人们能够在一次性买到不同种类的商品，比如同时购买食物和家用电器，而小商店难以做到这一点。
二是人们的购物体验更好，大商场的装修往往比小店更好，所能提供的服务和商品种类也更加丰富，这使得人们在购物时能有更多的挑选机会和舒适的消费体验。
三是大商场由于规模效应可以获得更低的商品进价，使得消费者购买到商品的成本有机会变得更低。
然后来看劣势，同样也有三方面可以聊。
一是小商店消失会让人们的日常购物变得不方便。人们如果临时或者紧急想要购买一些小物件，会面临没有店铺的困境。同时那些没有车的人往返大商场会非常困难，即使乘坐公共交通他们也难以一次性运送很多商品。
二是如果小店全部消失，大商场会因为缺少竞争形成垄断地位。一旦形成垄断，大商场对其售卖的商品将会拥有议价权优势，可以抬高售价来获得更多利润，从而导致消费者的支出增加。
三是私家车使用量的增加，可能会造成交通堵塞等问题，加重交通系统的负担。同时，大量的燃油车也会产生二氧化碳排放，加重空气污染。
3、提纲
4、高分范文示例
Large retail complexes are gaining ground on neighborhood boutiques as a preferred shopping destination for customers. Some argue that this tendency will make it more difficult for people to shop without a vehicle, hence increasing the number of people who drive. In this essay, I will explore the pros and cons of this tendency and provide my viewpoint on the matter.
For a variety of reasons, large retail malls that are far from local stores are advantageous. A potential advantage of the trend is that it encourages the expansion of larger stores that can stock a wider selection of products. Consequently, customers may not need to visit other retail districts. In a regular store, it is not possible to purchase a computer or groceries at the same time, but this is allowed in a modern shopping complex.
Nevertheless, in spite of these positive aspects, there are also some drawbacks. Those without automobiles are unable to access retail locations outside of the city, for instance, which may limit their shopping alternatives. Additionally, it is probable that huge shopping malls decrease market competition. If a store maintains a monopoly, it can set the prices of the things it sells, potentially resulting in higher prices for consumers. There is also the risk that more people will drive their cars, resulting in an increase in pollution generated by carbon emissions.
In conclusion, I think that shopping at large stores located outside of town has had a negative impact on the tastes and personalities of the general public, notwithstanding the trend's benefits.
5、相关词汇和语法结构
large retail malls 大型零售商场
grocery 食品杂货
market competition 市场竞争
monopoly 垄断
carbon emissions 二氧化碳排放量
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