环保类话题英语文章写作素材

本期的写作素材话题为How to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions(如何降低温室气体排放)，选取了几个最常见的观点。本期的素材均选自外刊。

蓝色标注的为相关话题词汇和表达。

1 Reduce the use of private transport减少使用私人交通--individuals

Private transport is one of the major sources of greenhouse gases. The shift away from private cars to cycling, walking, car-pooling and public transport can help cut carbon emissions.

私人交通是造成温室气体的主要源头之一。从私家车转向自行车、步行、拼车和公共交通，会有助于减少碳使用量。表示温室气体的来源，除了用最简单的source，还可以用producer/emitter(of)或contributor(to)。这几个词均是由相关的动词变形而来的：produce/emit/contribute to greenhouse gases：

Private transport is one of the major producers/emitters of greenhouse gases.

Private transport is one of the major contributors to greenhouse gases.

2 Boost energy efficiency提高能源效率--manufacturers

If emissions from cars are to be cut, engines will have to become dramatically more efficient, or there will have to be a technological breakthrough to replace petrol with a clean fuel.

如果要使汽车排放得到减少，发动机的效率就必须大大提高，或者必须有一项技术突破使得汽油能被一种清洁能源替代。

3 Carbon pricing碳定价--governments/policymakers

One way is to impose a price on carbon, either as a tax or a cap-and-trade scheme. This would encourage firms and consumers to find the cheapest ways to cut down their carbon footprint.

一种(减排的)方法是对碳征收价格，要么以税收的形式，要么是总量管控与交易计划。这将促使企业和消费者找到降低其碳排放的最廉价的方式。would常用来表示可能出现的情况的结果或影响，语气要弱于will。一般用作尚未发生过的事，比如讨论一个新措施或政策的影响。如果是已知的规律，比如使用公共交通会减少碳排放，则多用will或can。

4 Invest in green energy投资绿色能源--governments

Carbon-free sources of energy such as wind and solar power are certainly key solutions to global warming. We must keep on investing in renewables, installing windmills and solar panels, but not just by pouring in subsidies. Pricing greenhouse-gas emissions should be given priority to avoid the negative side effects of green subsidies on the energy mix.

风能和太阳能等无碳能源无疑是解决全球变暖的关键方法。我们必须继续投资可再生能源，安装风车和太阳能电池板，但不仅仅是通过大量提供补贴。应优先考虑对温室气体排放的定价，以避免环保补贴对能源结构的负面影响。