托福听力20/25/28 针对提分方法

这是官方对于目前不同的听力等级的划分，大家在考试的成绩单上都可以看到

大致上符合我们习惯对于听力能力的划分，不同的是官方的能力划分上，把22以上到30 都规划到了一起，但其实22 到30 之间还可以有一个25 的断点。

即以下我们会从 20 以下//21-25// 25-28+  3个梯队来说下听力部分的提分方案。

先来细看下官方的划分依据，看两个的：

17-21 ：导语部分

Test takers who receive a Listening section score at the High-Intermediate level typically understand the main ideas and important details of conversations and lectures that take place in academic settings. 能听懂主要信息和重要的细节

对于 22+ 的导语部分：

Test takers who receive a Listening section score at the Advanced level typically understand conversations and lectures that take place in academic settings.  没有了17-21 阶段的“主要信息”的限定修饰， 22+ 的同学，就是所有的信息都能听懂了

看下具体的细则。不同的地方，用不同颜色显示

17-21 阶段的细则

Test takers who score at the High-Intermediate level typically can

■ Understand main ideas and explicitly stated important details that are reinforced (by repetition, paraphrase, or indirect reference).

■ Distinguish main ideas from other information.

■ Keep track of information over an extended portion of an information-rich lecture or conversation, and recognize multiple, possibly conflicting, points of view.

■ Understand how information or examples are being used (for example, to provide support for a claim), and how pieces of information are connected (for example, in a narrative explanation, a compare-and-contrast relationship, or a cause- effect chain).

■ Understand, though perhaps not consistently, ways that speakers use language for purposes other than to give information (for example, to emphasize a point, express agreement or disagreement, express opinions, or convey intentions indirectly), especially when the purpose is supported by intonation.

■ Synthesize information from adjacent parts of a lecture or conversation, and make appropriate inferences on the basis of that information, but may have difficulty synthesizing information from separate parts of a lecture or conversation.

22+ 的细则

Test takers who score at the Advanced level typically can

■ Understand main ideas and explicitly stated important details, even if not reinforced.

■ Distinguish important ideas from less important points.

■ Keep track of conceptually complex, sometimes conflicting, information over extended portions of a lecture.

■ Understand how information or examples are being used (for example, to provide evidence for or against a claim, to make comparisons or draw contrasts, or to express an opinion or a value judgment) and how pieces of information are connected (for example, in a cause-effect relationship).

■ Understand different ways that speakers use language for purposes other than to give information (for example, to express an emotion, to emphasize a point, to convey agreement or disagreement, or to communicate an intention).

■ Synthesize information, even when it is not presented in sequence, and make appropriate inferences on the basis of that information.

对比一下就是 20左右的是只能听到主要信息，剧情不能太复杂，并且听不出文字背后的语气。

而22以上的同学，不管剧情复杂不复杂，字面的字间的意思、态度、情绪都能明白。

那这里就有一个问题了，官方的分类貌似没有分出来我们成绩单分数的22/25/28 + 之间的区别。

那么22/25/28 一般有什么区别呢？

总的来说 22-25 还是存在能力上提高的需求的。

而25要稳定到28+ 需要的是对于题目的整理和分析。也就是25+的人能力肯定是没有问题的，但是对于考试可能了解的还不够细。

那么要怎么去提高能力，怎么去提高对于考试的了解呢？

先给下官方的推荐方式，然后相应的给下具体的实操建议

以下是官方的推荐：

https://www.ets.org/toefl/test-takers/ibt/resources/improve-skills/listening/

具体来看下

Practice listening to something in English every day, and gradually increase the amount of time that you listen.

这部分总体来说，就是通过泛听，提高绝对的听力能力

• Listen to different types of materials. 听不同材料
• Listen actively. Try to answer the following questions: 能找到下面这些主要信息
  • who
  • what
  • when
  • where
  • why
  • how
• Listen passively to get the general idea of what's being said.
• Keep a listening log (a list of everything you listen to in English each day/week). 记录自己的学习过程
• Write a 1-sentence summary to remember the main idea of what you heard. 锻炼自己概括主旨的能力
• Write down new expressions, idioms and vocabulary that you hear. 积累陌生表达
• Use dictation and other exercises to help your listening ability.
  用听写等方式提高听力能力
  • Ask an English speaker to dictate an article to you. Good sources of material are podcasts, magazines or online articles or textbooks.
  • First, write down exactly what you hear.
  • Then, only take notes on the important points that you hear.
  • Do information gap exercises, using unfamiliar content and complex structures.

Use the resources in your community to practice listening to English.

还是属于泛听的部分，只是这是在生活里面创造一个可以听到英语的环境

• Visit places where you can practice listening.
  • If possible, enroll in an English class.
  • Go to a museum and take an audio tour in English.
  • Follow a guided tour in English in your city.
  • Call or visit a hotel where tourists stay, and get information in English about room rates, hotel availability or hotel facilities.
  • Call and listen to information recorded in English, such as a movie schedule, a weather report or information about an airline flight.
• Watch or listen to TV programs and podcasts recorded in English.
  • Some helpful TV channels to listen to are CNN®, Discovery Channel® and National Geographic®, as well as soap operas or situation comedies.
  • Do this with a friend and talk about the program together.
• Watch movies or other videos online (turn off the captions!) or go to a movie in English.
• Listen to an audiobook in English.
• Listen to English-language recordings that come with a transcript. Listen to each recording at least 3 times: 这个3遍分析听力文本的方式可以借鉴下
  • The first time, take notes about the main ideas you hear.
  • The second time, read the transcript and listen for the ideas you wrote down.
  • The third time, write down any words and phrases that you didn't understand, and look them up.
• Practice speaking English with others. 听说不分家
  • Exchange language lessons with an English speaker who wants to learn your language.

Begin to prepare for academic situations.

以上是生活环境，以下是学习环境

• Visit academic classes conducted in English.
• Record lectures or presentations, and replay them several times.
  • Listen to short sections several times, until you understand the main points and the flow of ideas.
  • Stop the recording in the middle, and predict what will come next.
• Become familiar with the organization or structure of academic lectures. 分析结构
  • Pay attention to the difference between main ideas and details presented.
  • Listen for the general (main) ideas.
  • Pay attention to details — facts, examples, opinions.
• Pay attention to the structure.
  • Lecture or presentation — introduction, body and conclusion
  • Narrative story — beginning, middle and end
• Learn to recognize different styles of organization.
  • Theory and evidence 理论和证据
  • Cause and effect  因果
  • Steps of a process 过程
  • Comparison of 2 things 对比对照
• Think carefully about the purpose of the lecture.
  • Try to answer the question, "What is the professor trying to accomplish in this lecture?"
  • Write down only the information that you hear. Be careful not to interpret information based on your personal understanding or knowledge of the topic. 学会纯粹的接收信息，不要脑补
• Develop a note-taking strategy to help you organize information into the main points and supporting details. 尝试做笔记
  • Make sure your notes follow the organization of the lecture.
  • Listen for related ideas and relationships within a lecture, and make sure you summarize similar information together.
  • Use your notes to write a summary.

Listen for signals that will help you understand the organization of a talk, connections between ideas and the importance of ideas.

以下基本就是听力核心要考的能力的。简单概括下，就是让我们的耳朵能分辨的出来

主要的、细节的、 以及“无关信息”

• Listen for expressions and vocabulary that tell you the type of information being given. Think carefully about the type of information that these phrases show:
  • opinion — I think, It appears that, It is thought that
  • theory — in theory
  • inference — therefore, then
  • negatives — not, words that begin with "un-," "non-," "dis-" or "a-"
  • fillers — non-essential information — uh, er, um
• Identify digressions — discussion of a different topic from the main topic — or jokes that are not important to the main lecture. It's OK not to understand these!
• Listen for signal words or phrases that connect ideas in order to recognize the relationship between ideas. Think carefully about the connection between ideas that these words show:
  • reasons — because, since
  • results — as a result, so, therefore, thus, consequently
  • examples — for example, such as
  • comparisons — in contrast, than
  • an opposing idea — on the other hand, however
  • another idea — furthermore, moreover, besides
  • a similar idea — similarly, likewise
  • restatements of information — in other words, that is
  • conclusions — in conclusion, in summary
• Pay attention to the connections between examples.
  • When you hear 2 details, identify the relationship between them.
  • Write a sentence connecting the examples, using the appropriate connecting word.
• Pay attention to intonation and other ways that speakers indicate that information is important. Important key words are often:
  • repeated
  • paraphrased — repeated information but using different words
  • said louder and clearer
  • stressed
• Pay attention to body language and intonation patterns used to express different emotions.
  • Emotions are often expressed through changes in intonation or stress.
  • Facial expressions or word choices can indicate excitement, anger, happiness or frustration.
• Listen to how native English speakers divide long sentences into "thought groups" to make them easier to understand — a thought group is a spoken phrase or short sentence. Thought groups are separated by short pauses.
  • Listen to sets of thought groups to be sure you get the whole idea of the talk.
  • Listen for pauses between important points.
• Listen for numbers you might hear in prices, times or addresses.
• Listen for verbs and other expressions that show if an event is happening in the past, present or future.
• During a lecture, pay attention to words that are written on the board.

具体操练的方式，针对 LAB 听说些系统来说

20以下的同学，主要可以用听写

20-25 的可以多用下听说

25以上的直接做题、个别错的多的篇目做完分析结构就好