观点类大作文，环境类话题
The environmental problems facing today's world are so great that there is little ordinary people can do to improve the situation. Government and large companies should be responsible for reducing the amount of damage being done to the environment. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
题目来源：2009年10月13日大陆雅思大作文
1、题目大意
当今世界面临的环境问题如此严重，普通人几乎无能为力来改善这种状况。政府和大公司应该负责减少对环境造成的破坏。你是否同意？
2、思路解析
这是一道观点类大作文，聊的是谁应对环境负责的问题。环境保护是个很经典的话题，一般在讨论时无非就是个人、企业和政府分别能做什么，这道题目在审题时需要注意一点，“there is little ordinary people can do to improve the situation.”也是观点的一部分，在同意与否时需要对其进行论证。下面，王珍老师和大家一起来看下具体观点。
首先来看同意的角度，有两方面。
一方面政府和大型企业拥有更多资源和权力，能制定和执行有利于环境保护的政策和措施。例如，政府可以通过立法减少工业排放，推广可再生能源，而且只有政府有权制定和执行环保法规。大公司则可以投资绿色技术，改进生产过程减少污染。这些行为对环境的正面影响远大于个人能做的。
另一方面企业是污染的主要产生来源，多数污染都来自于工业生产过程中产生的废气、废水及废料，而企业从生产过程中获益，因此应当承担减少污染的主要责任。
再来看反对的角度，有三方面。
一是主要依靠企业并不现实。企业的决策优先考虑经济利益而非环境保护，这意味着他们可能不会优先考虑环境问题，除非这些问题直接影响到他们的利润。因此，依赖他们单方面采取行动可能会忽视了环境保护的紧迫性和重要性。
二是普通人的作用不可忽略。每个人的日常行为累和态度累积起来对环境有显著影响。例如，减少使用一次性塑料产品、合理利用资源、使用公共交通替代私家车，虽然单个行动影响有限，但如果大多数人都这样做，就能显著减少对环境的负担。并且公众对环境问题的关注可以对政府和企业产生压力，促使他们采取更积极的环保措施。
三是环境保护是全球性问题，需要多方共同努力。虽然政府可以制定政策和宣传环保重要性，但普通人的参与和支持同样不可或缺，所有政策都需要每一个个体付出行动才能产生实际效果。
3、提纲
4、高分范文示例
Environmental calamities such as global warming and acid rain loom ominously, casting a dark shadow on the future of human existence. some citizens grapple with feelings of insignificance, doubting their individual capacity to bring about change, while others champion the cause for governmental and corporate intervention to mitigate environmental harm. Personally, addressing this environmental exigency necessitates an amalgamation of efforts from not just the government and corporations, but also ordinary individuals.
Undeniably, the mantle of environmental stewardship falls heavily upon the shoulders of governments and corporations. Governments wield a mighty sword of regulation, capable of curtailing practices detrimental to the environmental equilibrium. To illustrate, they can levy punitive taxes on pollution-rich factories, thereby deterring them from further tarnishing our air, water, and soil. Moreover, with their vast reserves of public funds, governments possess the means to mend the wounds inflicted on our ecosystem. As a testament to this, China, each year, dedicates a substantial budget to counteract the scourge of deforestation nationwide. Similarly, corporations, the Goliaths of the business world, have an inherent duty to address environmental concerns. Their social contract mandates them to operate sustainably, a notion underscored by the expectation for chemical plants, for example, to minimize waste through the utilization of recycled materials and the integration of sewage disposal systems.
Yet, the responsibility to defend the environment extends beyond the halls of government and corporate boardrooms to the realm of ordinary citizens. Though the ripple of change created by a single individual might appear minute, when multiplied by the collective power of humanity, it can stir a tidal wave capable of rectifying our environmental woes. To elucidate, if consumers opt for products with minimal packaging, we stand to conserve a mountain of paper and a sea of plastic. Similarly, if commuters favor public transportation over personal vehicles, we could significantly reduce the volume of exhaust fumes tainting our atmosphere, thereby alleviating the greenhouse effect. Inaction, however, would only serve to accelerate the environmental decay we witness with each passing day.
In summary, while the onus of preserving a clean environment predominantly lies with governments and corporations, the notion that individuals are impotent to instigate change is a fallacy. Rather, we should strive for a symphony of efforts, where every stakeholder plays their part, to salvage our environment and thus secure a more hospitable home for humanity.
5、相关词汇和语法结构
environmental calamities 环境灾难
feelings of insignificance 无足轻重的感觉
environmental stewardship 环境管理权
wield a mighty sword of regulation 挥舞强大的规范之剑
detrimental to the environmental equilibrium 对环境平衡有害
punitive taxes 惩罚性税收
scourge of deforestation 森林砍伐的祸害
inherent duty 固有职责
social contract 社会契约
ripple of change 改变的涟漪
collective power of humanity 人类的集体力量
alleviate the greenhouse effect 缓解温室效应
environmental decay 环境衰退
onus of preserving 保存的责任
a fallacy 一个谬论
secure a more hospitable home for humanity 为人类确保一个更适宜的家园
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