雅思大作文7分范文及解析：企业主导科研的利弊

利弊类大作文，科技类话题

In today's world, it is private companies rather than the government who pay for and carry out most of the scientific research. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

题目来源：2010年1月14日大陆雅思大作文

1、题目大意

在当今世界，投资和开展大部分科学研究的是私企而不是政府。你认为优点大于缺点吗？

2、思路解析

这是一道利弊类大作文，聊的是企业和政府在科研投入和主导上的问题。关于科研投入的主导权上，无非就是比较政府和企业两个主体的优劣势，大家在准备时记下观点论据即可。利弊类大作文需要强调在论证上体现合理性，即在具体的分析中，明确能体现出一边的论述的确是大于另一边，或是利弊均等，而利弊是否有说服力并不取决于观点的数量，而是内容是否有说服力。下面王珍老师带大家一起来看下具体观点。

首先来看优势，有三方面。

一是资金投入更加灵活。企业在科研上的资金投入可以降低政府的财政负担。同时，由于私企在资金分配上不受政府预算制约，可以根据市场需求和研究前景灵活调整投入。相比之下，政府资助的科研项目可能因为预算限制而无法迅速响应新兴的研究领域或市场变化。

二是更专注市场需求和效率。由于企业需要追求营收和利润，为了吸引消费者购买，其投资的研究更有可能转化为对消费者有实际用途的产品和服务，进而提高了大众的生活水平。

三是促进竞争并提升创新速度。同一行业的企业往往存在竞争关系，为了能够在竞争中获胜，企业会促进研究方法和管理的创新，以提高科研工作的整体效率，这也进一步加快了相关领域的科研创业和突破，使得科技成果更快地转化为实际应用。

然后来看弊端，有两方面。

一是企业主导的研究会更偏向部分领域。由于企业的目标是盈利，因此它们可能倾向于投资那些短期内能够带来明显经济回报的研究项目，而忽视了长期的、基础性或者对社会有重要意义但不一定直接盈利的研究领域。

二是知识产权问题可能阻碍科学知识的共享。企业进行的科研活动往往伴随着严格的知识产权保护，这可能限制了科学知识的开放共享，阻碍了科学进步的速度和范围。这与公共研究机构推崇的开放科学原则相悖，可能导致重要的科研成果无法广泛传播和应用。

3、提纲

4、高分范文示例

The dawn of innovative methodologies and novel materials often ignites a swift ascent and evolution of pertinent industries, yielding a bounty of profits. Consequently, this attracts a deluge of investment into scientific exploration from the private sector. The increasing trend of corporate-backed research eclipsing government-sponsored projects has stirred public discourse. I, however, hold the conviction that the potential benefits of this trend substantially tip the scales against the drawbacks.

Critics argue that the increasing hegemony of private entities in the research arena may inadvertently undermine basic science research and projects with a lower projected return on investment, given their project selection criteria. Driven by the relentless pursuit of profit, these corporations naturally gravitate towards research sectors that promise immediate, fruitful outcomes that can be seamlessly integrated into the industries and monetized. Thus, such entities may lack the incentive to inject capital into ventures which may not yield immediate dividends, but are crucial for the long-term advancement of humanity, such as fundamental physics and mathematics. Similarly, when weighing the cost-benefit analysis, they often sidestep 'losing propositions', like the development of treatments for a handful of patients afflicted with specific rare ailments. Moreover, the tantalizing allure of burgeoning profits enables large corporations to poach researchers from national institutes by offering inflated salaries and additional perks, which could potentially impede the progression of certain research. Yet, these hurdles appear to be surmountable, as governments can counteract this by enhancing their employees’ compensation packages, and bestowing researchers with prestigious accolades that would elevate their societal standing. Moreover, governments can entice researchers with perks that corporations may fall short of providing, such as fiscal incentives.

Conversely, the financial patronage offered by private companies carries substantial advantages. Firstly, since these corporations are motivated by the profits that stem from their research, their projects are likely to be intrinsically tied to the everyday lives of the populace, potentially enhancing their quality of life. Secondly, the financial backing provided by these corporations could alleviate the government’s burden of funding, freeing up resources to invest in research of more profound significance. Research geared towards the continuous refinement of everyday commodities is undeniably integral to elevating societal welfare, but it does strain public coffers. The fiscal contribution of private corporations permits the government to reduce its spending on these areas and focus on more ambitious objectives that require a more extended payoff period. In essence, the dominance of corporations in the majority of scientific research, coupled with other government-backed research, could represent an equitable distribution of societal responsibility.

In conclusion, while the preponderance of private investment in scientific research has elicited concern due to its potential neglect of certain sectors, corporations execute practical projects and alleviate the government's financial burden. This allows for larger allocations to pioneering technology and non-profit research, thereby fostering balanced development across various societal domains.

5、相关词汇和语法结构

Innovative methodologies 创新方法论

Novel materials 新颖材料

Swift ascent and evolution 快速崛起和演变

Pertinent industries 相关产业

Deluge of investment 投资洪流

Public discourse 公共话语

Relentless pursuit of profit 对利润的无情追求

Seamlessly integrated 无缝集成

Cost-benefit analysis 成本效益分析

Losing propositions 失败的建议

Tantalizing allure 诱人的魅力

Societal standing 社会地位

Fiscal incentives 财政激励

Financial patronage 财务赞助

Intrinsically tied 内在相连

Strain public coffers 压迫公共财政

Equitable distribution 公平分配

Pioneering technology 开创性技术