观点类大作文，环境类话题
The international community should act immediately to ensure that all countries reduce their consumption of fossil fuels, such as gas and oil. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
题目来源：2024年5月11日大陆雅思大作文（重复2019年10月19日大陆考题）
1、题目大意
国际社会应立即采取行动，确保所有国家减少天然气和石油等化石燃料的消耗。你是否同意？
2、思路解析
这是一道观点类大作文，聊的是是否让全球所有国家减少化石能源的使用。题目理解上不难，特别是有关注过近两年国际上环保议题的同学应该很容易想到论点。审题上注意两点，一是题目观点中有绝对词“all countries”，一般遇到绝对化的观点从反对角度切入更容易。二是这道题目讨论的主体对象是“国家”，因此要从国家层面考虑这个问题，不要和个人搞混了。下面，王珍老师带大家一起来看下具体观点。
首先来看同意的角度，主要有两方面。
首先环境保护是个全球化的问题，需要全球各国的共同努力。化石燃料的燃烧是全球温室气体排放的主要来源，这些气体是导致全球气候变暖的关键因素。国际社会采取紧急行动可以有效减少温室气体排放，缓解全球变暖趋势，保护生态系统，例如减少极地冰川的融化和海平面上升的风险。
其次，可以推动可持续能源发展。强制各国减少化石燃料消费可以促进清洁、可再生能源技术的研发和使用，如太阳能、风能等。长远看，这将有助于全球能源供应的多样化和能源安全，减少对单一能源依赖所带来的经济和政策风险。
再来看反对的角度，可以重点放在国家之间的区别，不能一概而论，有三方面。
一是会带来经济成本与发展挑战，这种能源政策的转变需要时间和巨额投资，对于经济较弱或正处于发展阶段的国家来说，可能会严重阻碍其经济发展和工业化进程。对于许多依赖化石燃料的国家，尤其是资源型经济体，突然减少化石燃料消费可能导致经济动荡，失业率上升和能源价格飙升。
二是技术和基础设施限制。虽然可再生能源技术正在进步，但在全球范围内替代化石燃料仍面临巨大挑战。许多国家缺乏投资可再生能源的技术和基础设施，比如在储能和电网现代化方面存在短板，这可能使得立刻转变能源结构变得不切实际。
三是政策执行的复杂性，国际社会强制所有国家减少化石燃料消费可能面临执行难题，比如国家主权的冲突、政策接受度低、以及不同国家之间的经济利益和政治立场的差异。这可能导致国际关系紧张或合作困难。
3、提纲
4、高分范文示例
With rising concerns about energy consumption and environmental issues, attention is turning to the structure of energy use in the modern world. I believe it is unrealistic to expect all nations to change their traditional energy practices in the short term, given the unique circumstances of each country.
Indeed, transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy may be feasible for some developed countries. From the perspective of these mature economies, primary concerns include air pollution and the preservation of unsustainable natural resources. In this sense, the shift to renewable energy appears to be a fundamental solution that addresses both issues. Additionally, these affluent regions have the capability to implement such changes, as their economies can withstand the substantial costs associated with redeveloping energy infrastructure, such as building non-coal-burning power plants. Even politicians in these countries can contribute to promoting this energy revolution: voters who dislike breathing smog will support cleaner energy sources.
However, the approach to energy transition suitable for industrialized countries does not automatically apply to less developed nations, due to practical difficulties. Unlike their wealthier counterparts, developing countries are not primarily concerned with the depletion of unsustainable resources or the color of the sky. Instead, their main concern is achieving high national GDP at the lowest energy cost. Given this, I see no incentive for these emerging economies to adopt renewable energy if it requires significant investment in updating energy facilities and increasing manufacturing costs. Moreover, a lack of motivation and a stronger argument against updating energy systems is the shortage of state budgets, which makes it nearly impossible for these poorer countries to move away from traditional fuels.
In conclusion, while it is reasonable for affluent regions to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, I believe it is neither justifiable nor practical to expect less developed countries to take the same measures in the short term.
5、相关词汇和语法结构
energy consumption能源消耗
environmental apprehension环境忧虑
traditional ways of energy usage传统的能源使用方式
specific circumstance特定情况
mature economies成熟经济体
preservation of unsustainable natural resources不可持续自然资源的保护
transition to new energy向新能源过渡
fundamental solution根本解决方案
redevelopment of infrastructures基础设施的重建
non-coal burning power plants非煤燃料发电厂
promoting energy revolution促进能源革命
energy transition能源转型
practical difficulties实际困难
significant investment巨大的投资
updating energy facilities更新能源设施
manufacturing cost制造成本
state budget国家预算
reduce dependence on fossil fuels减少对化石燃料的依赖
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