在本专栏中，在本专栏中，我会收集和编写一些常见话题的写作素材和观点。本期的素材话题是How to reduce carbon emissions(如何减少碳排放)，这也是很多英语考试的高频写作话题。
这里分政府(governments)、企业(companies)和个人(individuals)几方面进行讨论。
Governments and companies
1 Introduce waste-sorting rules推行垃圾分类政策
Waste is an important contributor to carbon emissions. With more waste being recycled, less of it needs to be landfilled or incinerated, processes in which the waste decomposes and produces greenhouse gases.
废物是造成碳排放的重要因素。随着越来越多的废物被回收利用，越来越少的废物需要填埋或焚化（在这些过程中，废物会分解并产生温室气体）。
2 Impose a carbon tax实施碳税
A carbon tax is a tax levied on the carbon content of goods and services, predominantly in the transport and energy sectors. Carbon taxes intend to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by increasing prices, thereby decreasing demand for such goods and services.
碳税是对商品和服务的碳含量征收的税，主要是在运输和能源部门。碳税旨在通过提高价格来减少二氧化碳排放，从而减少对此类商品和服务的需求。
3 Subsidise public transportation补贴公共交通
Offering a reasonable discount encourages workers to take public means of transport instead of using their own car to commute.
提供合理的折扣可以鼓励工作者们乘坐公共交通工具，而不是自己开车上下班。
4 Organise carpooling initiatives组织拼车活动
Organising carpooling among staff who live in the same neighbourhoods is another great way to reduce carbon emissions from vehicle.
在居住在同一街区的员工中组织拼车是减少汽车碳排放的另一个好方法。
Individuals
1 Consume less meat减少肉的食用量
Cutting down on meat, red meat in particular, has huge environmental benefits. This is because the production of red meat uses a considerable amount of feed, water and land. Cows themselves also give off methane emissions—a harmful greenhouse gas.
减少肉食，尤其是红肉，对保护环境有很大好处。这是因为生产红肉需要大量的饲料、水和土地。奶牛本身也会释放甲烷（一种有害的温室气体）。
2 Reduce dependence on private cars 减少对私家车的依赖
Private transport is one of the major sources greenhouse gases. The shift away from private cars to cycling, walking, car-pooling and public transport can help cut one's carbon footprint.
私人交通是造成温室气体的主要源头之一。从私家车转向自行车、步行、拼车和公共交通，有助于减少碳使用量。
3 Reduce waste减少废弃物
Example：reuse the shopping bag反复使用购物袋It is energy-saving to use a resusable bag when shopping, rather than accept a disposable one in each shop.
购物时使用可回收的袋子，而不是每个商店都接受一次性袋子，这样可以节省能源。
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