写出雅思7分或以上文章需要多少词汇量?

谈及英语学习,大家的第一反应就是背单词;同样,备战雅思,同学们往往会纳闷到底需要多少词汇量。今天就单词的问题,我来帮大家捋顺备考思路。

写出7分或以上的文章,至少需要掌握4500-5000个英语单词的用法;写出6分左右的文章,则需要至少掌握3500-4000个英语单词的常见搭配。(备注:国内高中英语教材标准词汇量是3500个单词)

写作目标分数是6的同学可能会说老师我的高中英语早已还给了老师,难不成要重新学?目标分数是7或以上的同学可能也在感叹拿到四六级分数已经是多年前的事情。其实,不用怕!不要愁!

结合预测,我们可以学习核心题型(写作任务)和重点话题的相关词汇表达,结合写作精批、纠错,是可以在短期有效突破词汇应用的瓶颈。

为了展示写作词汇的备考方法,我特意选择了一篇标准难度系统的考官范文。通过这篇剑8满分范文,我将从两个角度,即题型(写作任务)和话题来教大家如何提高自己的词汇应用能力。

首选,请大家审题并阅读范文,并重点关注highlight出的部分。

 写作标题

QIncreasingthe price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree? What other measures do you think might be effective?

 作文范文

AThe increasing traffic and pollution from vehicles have become severe problems,both in cities and on motorways everywhere. Generally, I believe that solving these problems is likely to need more than a simple rise in the price of petrol.

While it is undeniable that private car use is one of the main causes for the increase in traffic and pollution, higher fuel costs are unlikely to limitthe number of drivers for long.As this policy would also affect the cost of public transport, it would be very unpopular with everyone who needs to travel on the roads.However, there are various other measures that could be implemented and that would have a huge effect on these problems.

I think that to tackle the problem of pollution,cleaner fuels need to be developed.The technology is already available to produce electric cars that would be both quieter and cleaner to use.Persuading manufacturers and travelers to adopt this new technology would be a more effective strategy for improving air quality,especially in cities.

However,traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the type of private vehicle people can use. To do this, we need to improvethe choice of public transport services available to travelers. For example, if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced. Long-distance train andcoach services should be made attractive and affordable alternatives to driving cars for long journeys.

In conclusion, I think that long-term traffic and pollution reductions would depend on educating the publicto use public transport more and on governments using public money to construct and run efficient systems.

有大学英语四级成绩的同学理解上面的范文应该不成问题,其中90%以上的单词和表达都是高中范围的知识点;但认识并不代表能够准确、快速的使用单词,所以写作词汇量的准备不是通过“背诵”单词来实现的。如果仅仅是为了背诵而学习,没有输入的逻辑,输出就没有根据,考场上就很难想到该如何选用单词。很多同学平时积累好词好句,但考试时却什么都想不起来,就是因为没有从应用层面解决问题。

雅思写作词汇学习的逻辑就是要从写作题型(写作任务)和作文话题两个角度展开。因为每道作文题的思路内容是根据题型(写作任务)和话题来确定的,语言是内容的载体,所以词汇应当从这两个方面来准备。

范文中highlight出的部分正是这篇作文针对题型(写作任务)和话题使用的单词、短语和句式结构。

其中,最重要的写作词汇包含语动词话题预料

 01 语动词

谓语动词,比如解决问题 “ solve/tackle the problem”,更多的同义替换有 “address the problem”, 分词形式可以写成 “the problem needs to be addressed” 。

本题属于议论文Solution题型,议论文还包括Influence题型和Prediction题型,再加上说明文(Reason,Effect,Solution)和开放式提问,针对这些题型(写作任务)准备的谓语动词和常见谓语结构是写作词汇得分的关键第一步。

议论文Solution题型指的是写作任务是讨论如何做某事、如何解决一个问题,本题的写作任务就是讨论How to solve growing traffic and pollution problems?针对这类题型,我们需要准备大量相关的谓语,比如“measures could be implemented” 中的“be implemented”。因此,应对不同的题型(写作任务),词汇方面,谓语动词和谓语结构的学习和练习是决定得分走向的关键第一步。

此外,如范文所示,谓语的准备一定要结合重要的语法考点,比如分词结构“be dramatically reduced” 是动词“reduce” 的常见用法;再比如,“...were built and effectively maintained”是并列被动语态+虚拟语气的使用。一定要记住,谓语相关的语法知识点是语法得分的主力军,因为从应用层面来看,最小的语言单位是句子,而谓语则是句子的灵魂那么和谓语相关的语法有哪些呢?

 02 话题语料

话题语料。话题语料是直接体现话题属性的表达,比如有关道路交通的单词和短语 “private vehicle, public transport services, travel on the roads, sky trains and underground train systems, attractive and affordable alternatives, using public money to construct and run efficient systems” 等。

语料的充分使用取决于对话题出题角度的把握,是词汇得分的另一关键。

2022年全球雅思写作话题库包含13个分类:教育类、未成年保护类、家庭生活与性别平等&人口与老年人问题类、科技与发明类、媒体与广告类、民生与犯罪类、体育健康与生活方式类、城市基建与规划类、传统文化与人文艺术类、多元文化与全球化类、环境类、职场与职业发展类、抽象类。

这些话题所对应的近90%以上的题目都有着可总结、模仿性极强的写作素材,进而我们可以提取、整理出最核心的语料表达。

这里需要特别提醒大家的是学习语料绝非记忆单词拼写,而是总结、模仿使用常见的搭配。

最后,再次强调,以上提及的两大类词汇、表达是从题型(写作任务)和话题出题角度两个方面展开学习的。结合预测来准备可以最大程度上缩小范围,并且备考的重点要落在应用上,这样才能保证考试稳定的输出,所以作文批改、纠错非常重要。

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