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秋季PF辩题解析

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TOPIC ANALYSIS

秋季PF辩题解析

This topic is exciting for the Chinese debate circuit as it serves to encapsulate a window into the changes and contradictions developing within Chinese society as it continues to develop prosperous society on the way towards the goal of socialist modernization.

Autonomous vehicles or “AVs” are vehicles which can navigate physical spaces in real time without the need of a human operator. Most implementations of AVs are generally seen in ‘Full Self Driving’ (FSD). This is the term applied to autopilot programs which in real time navigates terrain but still requires a human operator for various functions such as starting and turning off the vehicle, inputting of directions, and generally supervision of vehicle functions.

Companies from all parts of the production chain from BYD to WeRide have begun partnerships and programs to implement FSD and AV services in products or as a part of public transport. Cities such as Wuhan or Beijing have begun pilot programs to test their operation and consumer behavior towards the service.

In late 2023 legislation was produced to manage the development of this industry. This regulation mandates the sharing of data between companies and the government, the inclusion of remote operators, and more. However,the lack of a robust legislation or regulations regarding AVs stems from the fact that this attempt is the first of its kind,which will likely evolve rapidly, much as the industry itself has.

The world of the Pro

正方观点

The industry has seen massive growth in profits from the sale of vehicles with FSD domestically and abroad with cities inside China clamoring to join pilot programs.

Consumers have met the phenomena with enthusiasm especially because when fares have been charged for “robotaxis” they have been considerably cheaper than transportation alternatives. City governments have looked to potentially adapt this technology within mass transit with a few programs implementing “robobuses” as well.

Other benefits to AVs have been theorized than simply cheaper or more efficient transportation services.

The benefits of accuracy with this technology have been modeled in some studies to improve transportation safety, decreasing costs in traffic accidents while also saving human lives. Social benefits have been suggested as well with the disabled or elderly being able to access transportation alternatives which may avoid certain complications from human error.

On a macro level, it has been thought that the introduction of AVs in China’s domestic market will not only boost international interest in China’s products but also cater to the needs of a China in which more and more people are leaving poverty.

An increase in an import economy over an expert economy is interpreted by some to mean that the fruits of labor are staying within the country, allowing more to enjoy them, thereby strengthening the economy and incomes of Chinese people.

The world of the Con

反方观点

Yet despite China being a global leader in Avs, the potential consequences of implementation have elicited concerns and pushback within Chinese society.

First and perhaps most prominently has been the potential impacts to labor. Taxi drivers and similar businesses have voiced fears that their labor and business will rapidly become not necessary. The taxi/ride hailing industry in China according to some estimates is worth around 54 billion USD.

These fears stem in part from the lower fares of robotaxis but also are informed from the explosion of ride share businesses such as Didi Chuxing. This has made the market for traditional taxis extremely competitive for small business owners while at the same time ride share drivers, often referred to as ‘gig workers’ have been subject to intense working conditions, with many voicing concerns that such companies were not respecting the law. While progress is being made by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (MHRSS), concerns now include a major loss of jobs for the entire sector with AVs reducing the amount of labor needed to provide services.

The rapid progress of the industry has in turn meant a challenge in adapting regulation to a new technology while anticipating the needs of China’s workers. Some cities in attempt to control the excesses of the industry such as Guiyang, have halted rideshare applications to control the effects on labor and the economy.

Ultimately, the exact impacts of AVs have yet to be totally realized but some speculate that the complications from the ride share industry may be exacerbated by the inclusion of this technology.

Furthermore other concerns regarding the introduction for AVs include logistics, for example the necessary infrastructure and data sharing to create accurate maps of roads across cities.

With infrastructure and development varying from city to city, region to region, concerns have been raised about the accuracy and what degree of cooperation between transportation departments and AV companies there will be to safely navigate the streets. The question of infrastructure has also raised questions about what technology or construction requirements are necessary to ensure safe operation of these vehicles.

In turn while navigating around other humans there is a question about the ethics regarding AVs and how onboard AI will prioritize property and human life.

Questions of costs have also been raised, at what cost should cities use their limited resources to implement AVs into their cities and if their effectiveness warrants the adaptation of these vehicles into mass transit or local rideshare markets.

Finally, discrepancies in the usage of these vehicles have also been concerning, if roads need to be accurately mapped, will parts of cities with lower income levels be taken into account? Does the use of AVs run the risk of becoming a luxury item which increases the ease of transportation for the well off but runs counter to the goals of common prosperity?

These contradictions and questions represent the overall widespread changes within a rapidly developing and modernizing China.

With great leaps in development being made as Chinese society increasingly reaps the benefits of aprosperous society in all aspects, new challenges have formed with the coming of that new society.

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