公共演讲
Public Speaking
公共演讲(Public Speaking)为NHSDLC赛事种类之一。公共演讲比赛中，选手无需组队，一个人即可报名参赛。
Public Speaking is one of NHSDLC competition categories. In public speaking, students don’t need partners, but will compete alone.
目前公共演讲赛事开设的演讲种类为“原创演讲 (Original Oratory)”及“经典演说(Declamation)”。
The category used in NHSDLC Public Speaking is Original Oratory and Declamation.
在原创演讲中，演讲者自己选择主题，自己撰写演讲稿。原创演讲给了选手们一个机会去表达自己的声音和热情。主题可以千差万别，可以是告知、娱乐、启发、颂扬、劝说等等。
In original Oratory, orators choose their own topic and write their own speech.Original Oratory provides an opportunity for orators to express themselves. The orator may prepare and present a speech on any topic. The speech may inform, entertain, inspire, eulogize, or persuade.
目前NHSDLC原创演讲开设的组别有：小学组、初中组、高中组。
Currently, there are 3 divisions in Original Oratory: Junior Division, Middle School Division, High School Division.
经典演说旨在展示优秀的思想家、演说家的富有激情的观点、思想。经典演说就是表演别人写好并在某一时刻表演过的演讲稿。其艺术在于充满激情地演讲。
Declamation is designed to showcase the impassioned ideas of formidable thinkers. Declamation is the performance of a speech someone else has written and performed at some point. The art of Declamation is about speaking passionately.
目前NHSDLC经典演说仅针对G1-G6的学生开设小学组。
Currently NHSDLC Declamation is only offered in the Elementary Division for students in G1-G6.
原创演讲（Original Oratory）给予演讲者充分自由，参赛选手可以根据兴趣或特长自行选择主题。通常，选手需从社会热点或争议性话题出发，以事实为依据，通过逻辑分析或情感表达等技巧说服观众针对特定问题采取行动，或提醒观众积极面对社会中迫在眉睫的威胁。
原创演讲鼓励真实、可信、原创的演讲内容，因此对全篇演讲中的直接引用词数量亦有一定要求（参考后文「比赛规则」板块），如有引用也必须说明资料来源。
此外，原创演讲比赛要求初中组/高中组参赛者脱稿演讲；不强制规定小学组参赛者脱稿，但带稿上台会影响裁判对选手的直观印象，因此组委会建议所有参赛者脱稿演讲。比赛中所有组别选手均不得使用任何辅助设备或工具，包括但不限于PPT、音乐、视频、KT版等。
高中组每名选手的比赛时间最长为 10 分钟，初中组每名选手最长 5 分钟，小学组每名选手最长 3 分钟。每个组别均另有 30 秒“宽限时间 Grace period”。每场比赛采用电子计时器计时，无最低比赛时间要求。
什么是“宽限时间”？
选手的演讲时长达到最长时间后，可额外有至多30秒完成演讲收尾，超过30秒后，所有演讲必须立即停止。
*每名选手在进行正式演讲之前，应先将选手编号、姓名报给裁判，待裁判准备完毕之后，再使用计时器开始正式演讲部分。
即 兴 问 答
Question & Answer
即兴问答(Q&A)仅作为附加环节出现在淘汰赛/决赛。评委会根据选手所呈现的原创演讲内容随机向学生提出一个问题，确认学生听清问题后，评委计时30秒作为选手的准备时间。在准备时间结束后(或选手在30秒内即已准备完毕，示意评委暂停计时)，选手需要回答问题，回答时间限2分钟。
即兴问答考验选手的快速思维能力和临场语言组织能力。裁判会重点考察以下几项内容：
切题与逻辑论证
回答结构
表达流利度
时间控制
练习与思考是精进即兴问答水平的重要途径。首先，演讲者应该充分了解自己的演讲内容，这样才更有可能预测裁判的提问点。
此外，选手在练习原创演讲的同时可以邀请父母或朋友扮演裁判来提问。在实战情境下，演讲者能更快适应如何在高压之下完成即兴问答。
选 题 参 考
Standards for Reference
原创演讲是极为看重演讲内容的一种比赛形式，因此赛前准备格外重要。只有时刻牢记“原创演讲三原则”，才能在比赛中无往不利。
重要性 Importantce
这个主题重要吗？有表述清晰吗？演讲的表述在确立主题的重要性上有帮助吗？
is the topic significant? Is the thesis clearly established? Does the delivery assist in establishing the importance of the topic?
相关性 Relatability
观众对这个主题有共鸣吗？表述亲民么？演讲者有阐述这个主题对别人会产生什么影响吗？语言的运用有包容性吗？
Can the audience relate to the topic? Is the delivery personable? Does the speaker establish how others are impacted by the topic? Is the rhetoric of the speech inclusive?
原创性 Originality
演讲者处理这个主题的方式是否有创意？用的例子是不是新的，有趣的。
Does the speaker address the topic in a unique, inventive way? Are the supporting examples new and interesting?
选 题 示 例
Sample Topic
小学组 Junior
·滑板是一项很好的户外运动。
Skateboarding is a good outdoor exercise.
·为什么我们要少用手机？
Why we should spend less time on cellphone?
·我们应不应该花大量时间做家庭作业？
Should we spend a lot of time on doing homework?
初中组&高中组
Middle School & High School
·拖延的力量
The power of procrastination
·过于简单化的危险
Danger of oversimplification
·是时候结束过度期望了
It’s time to put an end to excessive expectations
·为什么我们应该接受平庸
Why we should embrace mediocrity
·克服舞台恐惧
Overcome stage fright
比 赛 规 则
Rules
点击图片查看具体内容
一场标准的比赛将有三轮预赛和一轮淘汰赛/决赛。但预赛和淘汰赛的确切数量可能因比赛规模的不同而有所不同。
A standard tournament would have three preliminary rounds and one elimination round/final round. The exact number of preliminary and elimination rounds can vary depending on the size of the tournament.
每位选手每轮预赛都要进行自己的演讲，使用的是同一篇稿子。在预赛结束后，将根据每位选手预赛表现的成绩决选出晋级淘汰赛的选手，进行最后奖项的争夺。
Students will need to give a speech in all preliminary rounds using the same speech. After preliminary rounds, students with good records will be selected to advance to elimination round to compete for awards.
比 赛 流 程
Procedure
·发送演讲稿
每位演讲者的演讲稿必须在比赛前三天内发送给NHSDLC委员会。演讲稿必须指明引用的材料，说明引用的字数，演讲者必须确保演讲是他/她自己的原创作品。如果没有从演讲者那里 及时收到必要的稿件，NHSDLC工作人员有权取消其参赛资格。
Each orator’s script must be sent to the NHSDLC committee no later than three days prior to the tournament. The script must identify the quoted materials, state the number of quoted words, and the orator must ensure that the oration is the original work of his/her own. It is under NHSDLC staff’s discretion to disqualify an orator from the tournament if they didn't receive the necessary scripts in time.
·选手编码
每个选手在报名后将会收到一个属于自己的选手参赛编码，该编码将用于比赛时的对垒排布。
Every orator will get an code, code will be used to in the paring.
·发布对垒
每一轮比赛开始前，都将在报告厅发布该轮的对垒表。每位选手可根据自己的选手编码寻找该轮的开始时间、自己所在的比赛教室和演讲顺序。
Paring will be released before each round at auditorium. Students will need look for his/her code on pairing, check which room he/she will be in, when the round will start, etc.
·比赛中
每一轮，演讲者将被分成每组4-8名演讲者，预赛中有一名裁判，最后一轮至少有3-5 名裁判（如果参赛选手人数少，我们会视具体情况安排裁判）。对垒表将列出每组的演讲者。演讲者将按照对垒表的顺序发言。演讲前后，每位演讲者都应与其他演讲者一起在房间里等候。法官将按照不同组别的时间规定设置计时器，并在演讲者开始发言后启动计时器。法官可以利用每次演讲之间的时间写笔记和打分。
In rounds, orators should be paired into a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 8 orators per group with one judge in preliminary rounds and at least 3-5 judges in the final round. We will adjust for tournaments with fewer participants. The pairings will list the orators in each group. Orators will speak in the order of the pairings. Every speaker should wait in the room with other speakers before and after they deliver their speech. The judge will set their timer according to their division and start the timer once the speaker begins speaking. The judge may use time in between each speech to write notes and work on scoring. When the judge is ready for the next speaker, they can call them forward to deliver their speech.
待所有的选手都讲完后，在裁判的示意下，选手们可以自行离开比赛教室，回到报告厅，在报告厅等待公布下一轮的对垒。
When all the students in the room finish their speech, students can leave the room under judges’direction. Students should return to the auditorium waiting for paring for next round.
·淘汰赛/决赛轮
淘汰赛/决赛包含原创演讲和即兴问答两部分。选手将对自己的同一篇演讲稿做决赛的展示。演讲结束后，裁判将会根据演讲内容提出一个相关问题。一旦裁判提出问题，如果演讲者听不清问题，他/她可以要求裁判重复问 题，但不得超过一次。如果演讲者听清楚了问题，但不理解问题的含义，这是演讲者本身的责任。裁判将通知演讲者，并立即开始30秒的准备时间。演讲者可以选择在准备时间结束后发 言，也可以通知裁判停止准备时间，在30秒的时间内开始发言。演讲者最多有2分钟的时间回 答这个问题。
During the eliminationround, each orator will present a speech(same speech as the one during preliminary rounds)followed by the judge asking one question to him/her. The question will be based on the speech content. Once the judge raises the question, the orator could ask the judge to clarify the question no more than one extra time if he/she does not hear the question clearly. It is the orator’s own responsibility if he/she hears the question clearly but does not understand the meaning of the question. The judge will notify the orator and start the 30-sec preparation time right away. The orator could choose to speak after the preparation time is up or notify the judge to stop the preparation time and start to speak during the 30-second period. The orator has a maximum of 2 minute to answer the question.
评 分 标 准
Scoring Rubrics
· 文章开头Introduction
· 文章主体Body
· 文章结尾Conclusion
· 眼神接触Eye Contact
· 语言运用Use of Language
· 肢体语言Body Language
· 清晰度Clarity
· 语调Tone of Voice
· 题目相关性 Topic Relevance
· 时间 Time
点击图片查看具体内容
Frequently Asked Questions
Q:规则上建议小学组脱稿，如果带稿会有什么具体影响？
原创演讲比赛要求初中组/高中组参赛者脱稿演讲；不强制规定小学组参赛者脱稿，但带稿上台后，选手会不自觉得看稿，导致演讲时的情感、神态、肢体表达受限，影响裁判对选手的整体印象，故建议选手脱稿演讲。
Q:演讲均未限制最短演讲时长，请问有建议时长吗？
演讲时长直接影响演讲内容量。尽管比赛没有规定最短时长，但过短的演讲难以支撑详实、全面的内容。
因此在正常语速下，高中组建议演讲时长至少达到7分钟，初中组建议至少达到3分钟，小学组建议至少达到2分钟。
Q:比赛时会有几个裁判？
预选赛时每个比赛教室安排1名裁判；决赛时根据实际报名情况，共安排3或5名裁判。
Q:演讲的稿件如何发送至官方？
组委会要求所有参赛选手在比赛前将定稿文件发送至指定邮箱。具体邮箱地址请留意赛前的参赛须知。
Q:赛程是怎样安排的？
NHSDLC公共演讲比赛基本安排在周日，赛程为一天。具体安排参考《参赛须知》。
Q:比赛晋级率是多少？
比赛晋级人数将遵循50%晋级原则。晋级选手将获得相应名次的奖状/奖杯。
Q:比赛是否有着装要求？
建议着正装。
Q:比赛是否允许观众观赛？
预选赛不允许任何选手或家长进入比赛教室观赛；决赛将开放观赛，观赛观众需全程保持安静，不得影响选手比赛。
Q:如何处理打扰其他人比赛的选手？
裁判有权将选手的不良行为纳入对该名选手表现的考量当中，选手的不良行为可能影响其演讲的最终得分。
Q:如何处理选手超时的情况？
时间结束时，选手可以将正在演讲的句子说完，但不允许继续说第二句，超时会影响评委打分。
Q:预选赛时一个比赛房间会有多少名选手？
预选赛每间比赛教室有4-8名选手依次完成比赛。
Q:选手演讲是否允许使用其他语言？
除少数特殊情况（如引用一个外文语境下的词汇）外，选手应全程使用英语进行演讲。
Q:选手上台后什么时候开始演讲？
选手上台后需要先告知评委自己的名字和编号，在评委示意后便可以开始演讲。
Q:即兴问答时裁判会问什么问题？
即兴问答的问题源自参赛选手的原创演讲内容，包括但不限于询问选手对关联事件的看法、要求选手进一步阐述观点等。
Q:选手应该如何选择原创演讲的话题？
原创演讲比赛鼓励选手们发挥想象力，在生活中寻找值得探讨的话题，但需注意的是参赛选手在选择主题时，应避免选择过度涉及政治、宗教等敏感话题的主题。
Q:线上赛选手有什么需要注意的吗？
线上赛与线下赛的流程相同；选手需保证背景安静整洁、网络连接良好、麦克风收音正常、摄像头清晰、露出上半身。比赛过程中若出现技术问题，选手有至多5分钟调整时间，当5分钟截止时，选手应继续演讲并不得再次停止调整。
什么是经典演说？
What is Declamation?
经典演说旨在展示优秀的思想家、演说家的富有激情的观点、思想。经典演说就是表演别人写好并在某一时刻表演过的演讲稿。其艺术在于充满激情地演讲。
Declamation is designed to showcase the impassioned ideas of formidable thinkers. Declamation is the performance of a speech someone else has written and performed at some point. The art of Declamation is about speaking passionately.
演说的目的是清晰、动情、有说服力地传达信息，是让演讲者就自己感兴趣的话题与他人分享并说服他人。
The topics discussed in Declamation run the entire gamut. Declamation is designed to havespeakers take a topic they’re passionate about and share with and persuade others.
演说的话题选择可以包罗万象。
The goal is to convey a message with clarity, emotion, and persuasiveness.
经典演说（Declamation）对于刚起步的演讲选手的好处在于，选手可以在自己感兴趣的话题领域内，选择一篇在该话题方面拥有更多的专业知识或经验的人的稿子，来与大家分享交流。
What’s so amazing about Declamation is that you as a beginning speaker get to take a speech about something you really care about that has been written by someone who perhaps has more research and time committed, which gives them more expertise or experience with the topic, and share it with the whole speech community!
比赛规则
Rules
经典演说的演讲时间为 3 分钟，有 30 秒的宽限期，没有最低时长限制。通常，选手们需要删减一下所选择的演讲，把演讲时长控制在3分钟以内。删掉你觉得不那么重要或者不那么有说服力的部分，专注在原演讲中那些让人印象深刻的内容。
Time limit:
Speeches are 3 minutes with a 30-second grace period in case timing or performance areoff just slightly during any given performance.
选手采用的演讲稿必须是公开发表过的，并可打印成文字稿。注意：如果你选用的演讲只有视频，则不可以使用。
在演讲中，有一个“介绍（Introduction）”环节，在这个环节中：
- 选手必须介绍演讲名称以及原演讲者（必选项，适用于每一位选手）；
- 亦可介绍演讲的主题是关于什么的及其重要性，观众将从演讲中学到什么，听众将如何从中受益（可选项，不强制，取决于选手个人）；
- “介绍”部分亦包含在上述的3分30秒的演讲时限内；
The speech being performed must have been given publicly and available to print in transcript form and the performance must have an introduction that states the title of the speech and the author. Most introductions explain the theme of the speech and its significance. What will the audience learn from the declamation? How will it benefit the audience? All those are included in 3 minutes speech, no extra time provided.
It’s likely that your piece will have to be trimmed down at least a little to be within the 3 minutestime limit. Delete the parts of the speech that you think are less important or persuasive. Focus on the most memorable parts of the original speech.
如何选择演讲稿
How to pick a piece?
找一个和自己相关/感兴趣/共情的演讲。
这是一个借别人的类似经验或者感想来发出自己的声音的机会！
当选手在选择一个演讲是不是可用的时候，问自己这样的问题：这个演讲对我来说有没有意义？如果你的回答是否定的，那你就需要继续寻找，直到找到一个能触达你心灵的演讲。
Your purpose is to share someone’s speech, so start by finding a speech to which yourelate.This is your chance to share your voice through a speech that mirrors yourexperiences! As you review the material, ask yourself if this piece of work is meaningful toyou. If the answer is no, then you need to keep searching until you find something you relateto on a personal level.
When choosing a speech, it is important to ensure that the content aligns with the social environment and cultural values of China. The selected speech should reflect themes and messages that are appropriate and resonate within the Chinese context, promoting positive social values and harmony. This ensures that the speech not only connects with you personally but also resonates with the broader audience in a meaningful way.
When it comes to flow, Declamation can easily become rigid, robotic, and formulaic. Whileyou’re not responsible for writing the speech, you do need to keep in mind how it soundswhen performed. Declamations range in topic, so there is no one way to make a speechflow, but a general rule is that speeches with anecdotes in them will sound more natural thanspeeches that rely heavily on statistical research. The best speeches have a combination of thetwo.
Find material that has an overarching story arc. You’re looking for a message to share or a lesson to teach. If you’re not sure where to start, consider themes. Theme is the lesson or message the author is trying to convey. If you know you’re connected to certain themes or characteristics, let that guide your search.
经典演说的演绎
Delivery
经典演说不是模仿原演讲者的表演。你是在接受别人传达的信息的基础上，消化这个信息和你的关联，对你的影响，然后选择一种方式把这篇演讲的重要性和意义传递出去。
Declamation is not about copying the performance of the original speaker. You are taking a message someone has given and deciding how it connects to you and performing it in a way that conveys its importance and significance to you and society as a whole.
这意味着选手要找到属于自己独特的方式来演绎。这可以是你运用肢体语言的方式；可以是你自己说话的风格，比如你选择在哪里加重音；可以是你选择保留了原稿的哪些部分...
This means finding your own unique ways to perform the speech. This could be the way you gesture and use body language. This also means using your own personal style when it comes to the way you speak, including what you choose to put emphasis on and even what you keep in the actual cutting of the speech.
因为经典演说的目的是分享传递一个你认为重要的信息，所以通过你的演说让观众觉得能够共情非常重要。
Declamation is about sharing a message you feel is important, so it’s critical you make the message relatable through your unique performance.
没有两个一样的人，同样，也不应该有两个人用完全一样的方式展示一篇演讲稿。
No two people are the same, which means no two performers should ever perform a speech the exact same way.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q:什么是“公开发表过的演讲”？
被表演过, 公开发布过，且有既存文字稿可直接供打印的。三者缺一不可。即，任何人可以直接搜索到该演讲去观看、阅读。
举例：
①小明去看了场演讲，被演讲深深打动，想用这篇演讲参加NHSDLC的declamation比赛，于是把它录了下来。这个演讲就不属于上述的“公开发表过的演讲”，不可以用来参赛。
②可以用TED演讲吗？
如果视频网站提供文字版的演讲稿，可以使用。
Q:我需要在比赛前提交演讲稿吗？有格式要求吗？
是的，同NHSDLC的OO比赛一样，选手们需要在比赛前提交演讲稿件到组委会指定邮箱。并且，需要在提交的文件中著名演讲稿的题目和作者。
Q:一定要是名人的演讲吗？
不一定是要名人，只要满足了“公开发表过的演讲”的要求，任何人的演讲都可以。
Q:有主题要求吗？
没有。可以是任何主题。
Q:“介绍”环节，有什么固定格式要求吗？
没有。唯一个要求是必须要说出演讲的题目和作者名称。其他的内容演讲者可自行发挥。
Q:可以用道具么？
不可以。选手只能用肢体语言进行辅助，不可借助外部道具。
Q:需要背诵么？
不强制要求背诵。但出于整体表现的考量，鼓励并建议大家尽可能脱稿或者少看稿。
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