不管什么考试的目的题的本质都是重复原文

不管什么考试的目的题的本质都是重复原文。

这个说法当然本身新意不是很大，因为如果说的再大些，阅读的本质都是题目和原文的重复。

但目的题的重复和细节题还是有些不同的：

最显著的不同是：细节题对于原文定位句子的重复；目的题的重复是对于定位句附近内容的重复。

那么为什么强调“目的题的本质都是重复原文”呢？

因为特别是做修辞目的题（比如题目有加引号，或者有比喻等）的时候，我们会开始加入自己对于作者态度的理解，而忘记了，作者用修辞的目的也是在原文告诉我们的，不需要我们自己去主观理解。

既然说了不管是什么考试，这里我们演示下 TOEFL/SAT/GRE 三个考试的目的题和原文的重复方式

TOEFL : 74P1Q4

对应段落

Despite the fact that the origin of the Moon is still debated, planetary geologists have been able to work out some of the basic details of the Moon's history, using among other things variations in crater density (quantity per unit area). Simply stated, the higher the crater density, the longer the topographic feature has existed. During its early history, the Moon was continually impacted as it swept up debris from the solar nebula. This continuous bombardment and perhaps radioactive decay generated enough heat to melt the Moon's outer shell and quite possibly the rest of the Moon as well.

题目

Why does the author mention "variations in crater density"?

A. To emphasize that there is no agreement among geologists about the origins of the Moon

B. To explain the presence of radioactive material on the Moon

C. To argue that the Moon's origins are actually simpler than most geologists once thought

D. To explain how geologists can distinguish the different stages in the Moon's history

答案是D，对应的就是原文的黄颜色部分

GRE : Passage 124

Historian Colin Calloway argues that in the late colonial period preceding the American Revolution (1775-1783), the British government sought to seal off territory west of the Appalachian Mountain from the encroachment of land-hungry White settlers, to negotiate with Native American peoples as independent foreign states, and to guarantee the integrity of traditional native American hunting grounds. By contrast, White Americans, released by the outbreak of the Revolution from the constraints of Britain’s allegedly benevolent policies, are portrayed by Calloway as ruthless land-grabbers whose new national government endorsed their rapacity. Bernard Bailyn argues, however, that the “Americans” who encroached on Native American land during the Revolution had been British only a few years before. When, during and after the Revolution, White Americans seized Native American land by any available means, they were continuing a tradition dating back to the earliest years of English settlement in North America. And, according to Bailyn, the British government’s prewar efforts to preserve the trans-Appalachian west for Native Americans resulted not from humanitarian virtue or ethnic tolerance but from British merchants’ desire to maintain their lucrative trade with native Americans and the government’s desire to control immigration and avoid costly conflict between White and Native Americans over land.

题目

The reference to “the earliest years of English settlement in North America” serves primarily to emphasize the point that

A. Calloway has exaggerated the ruthlessness and rapacity of White settlers in their relations with native Americans prior to the American Revolution

B. Seizure of Native American lands by White settlers had increased dramatically throughout the time of British colonial rule.

C. At one time White settlers had negotiated with Native American people as independent foreign states

D. White settlers had no legitimate grounds fro claiming title to land they seized west of the Appalachian Mountains.

E. Aggression by White settlers against Native Americans during and after the American Revolution was not a new phenomenon.

SAT 202205NA P1 Q5

对应段落

Now back to my move. The building was finished only a few years before, yet I was already the third owner of this apartment. The day I moved in was dark and cloudy. Our truck was stuck in the tunnelfor a whole hour, until we were all seeing stars. By the time we emerged, a storm had come and gone. But the sky remained gloomy. On the porch in front of my building was a stain, a light brown one. At first, I didn’t take any notice of it—until I stepped on it and slipped. I was puzzling over it when my friends started to carry my stuff upstairs. So I pulled myself together and followed them up.

题目

In the context of the passage, the words “dark” and “cloudy” in lines 31-32 and the word “gloomy” in line 35 primarily serve to

A) heighten the contrast between the stormy weather and the excitement that the narrator and his friends are experiencing on the day of the move.

B) establish the dismal and foreboding atmosphere that characterizes the narrator’s new home.

C) enhance the sense of dread and regret that the narrator feels as he leaves his old neighborhood.

D) provide a description of the day’s weather that matches the narrator’s irritable mood during the course of the move.

所以做目的题的时候，还是注意从原文找线索，另外做题的时候一定用排除法做：去掉一些明显错的选项。如果有纠结答案的时候，可以比对下哪个答案和原文的重复更多，重复多的就是正确答案。