首先是冒号
自然，如果看到冒号，就意味着前后内容是重复的。
Stars are not __immutable/perpetual_____: like people, they are born, they live, and then they die.
Yoshiko Yamaguchi was a remarkably __protean / versatile_____ public figure: she was not only an actress but also a journalist, a prominent politician in the Japanese parliament, and the wife of a diplomat.
要强调的是一个破折号，在功能上和冒号是一样的，也是前后重复
Central control of the country's power grid is difficult because of the __balkanization___ of the electricity industry — it is made up of hundreds of local networks with separate owners.
然后是分号
分号可以连接两句话，这是它和逗号不同的地方，但为什么连接两句话用了分号，而不是句号呢？ 因为两个句子之间的关系比较近。所以分号之间要么就是由类似however， indeed 这样的逻辑连接词，如果是有类似的逻辑词连接的话，这些逻辑词就给我们提供了出答案的线索了；
A few decades ago the idea of animal morality would have been met with ___derision/ridicule____; however, recent research suggests that animals not only act altruistically but also have the capacity for empathy, forgiveness, trust, and reciprocity.
另外一种情况是两个分句之间没有逻辑连接词，那么这时候用分号连接的原因是两个句子的描述对象一致，当然，这同一个描述对象就会带来前后分句的重复。
The author's point is not that people should be ___dismissive/scornful____ science; he is careful to point out that what science is discovering about humans, for example, is certainly important and worthy of careful consideration.
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