一场轰动全球的心理实验——斯坦福监狱实验

轰动全球的斯坦福监狱实验

我们是谁

Hi, 各位, 我们是MindUp，一个以宣传心理学知识和组织相关公益活动为目标的非营利性高中生社团。

Hi, everyone, we are MindUp, a non-profit high school student group whose goal is to share psychology knowledge and organize related public benefit activities.

正文

1971年的夏天，一个即将轰动全球的心理学实验在斯坦福大学上演。

In the summer of 1971, a psychology experiment that was about to cause a stir in the world took place at Stanford University.

24名被确定为身心健康的志愿者，或是因为感兴趣，或是因为每天14美元的报酬，聚集在了斯坦福大学的地下室里。他们站在搭建好的监狱场景里，对这个实验会如何令他们生活发生天翻地覆的变化还一无所知。

Whether due to being interested or the daily reward of $14, twenty-four volunteers who were ascertained to be both physically and mentally healthy gathered in the basement of Stanford University. They stood in the deliberate set of prison, without a single clue of how this experiment will turn their lives upside down.

实验开始前，这些参与者们被平均分配，12个人扮演囚犯，12个人扮演狱警。这可不是幼稚的过家家——每个囚犯进监狱前都被脱衣搜身、一直穿着囚服戴着脚铐、只能用编号作为名字；而没有受过专业训练的狱警们只知道他们可以做任何维持秩序并护卫法律的事。

Before the experiment started, the participants were equally and randomly distributed into two groups - 12 people played the prisoners, while the others played the guards. Don’t picture it as a childish cosplay - every prisoner underwent body searches before entering the prison, kept wearing prison uniforms and ankle bracelets, and was called by a number rather than the original name. On the other hand, the l guards received no professional training but the instruction to do whatever they considered as maintaining order and the law.

实验的第一天晚上，狱警们就为了树立权威，在半夜体罚他们做俯卧撑，甚至有时还骑在他们身上。第二天囚犯们因为无法接受这样的遭遇抗议时，狱警们的反应是勃然大怒并认为自己过于仁慈，于是施加了更加“严格”的手段。关小黑屋、扒衣服、言语恐吓、喷灭火器、挑拨离间..

On the first night of the experiment, the guards wanted to establish their authority in really harsh ways, such as making the prisoners do push-ups at midnight and even riding on their bodies. The prisoners burst into protests out of humiliation and anger right on the second day. However, the seemingly understandable act of self-protection was reacted by the guards’ rage and the misconception of being too kind. The next thing we know, being ripped off, locked in a dark punishment room, threatened by language, sprayed by fire sprinkler, causing internal discord… any means of torture you could think of was applied to torment the prisoners.

即使囚犯们因为这些惩罚表现出了绝对服从，狱警们的折磨却变本加厉。禁止使用卫生间、命令他们在休息时间做各种卑贱的工作、在夜间用龌蹉的手段实行暴力..在此期间甚至有一位囚犯因为面临精神崩溃而不得不退出实验。到此为止，这个实验已经揭露出人性最恶的一面。狱警们恶魔般的虐待行为与正义二字完全背道而驰，组织这个实验的一直能通过监控看到一切的菲利普·津巴多教授和50多位参观者也从未觉得这个实验有任何问题，囚犯们的家长找来律师解救监狱中的孩子也以失败告终，人性的泯灭令人瞠目结舌。

Even if the prisoners behaved after the evil abuses, the guards’ maltreatment intensified. The guards banned the use of the toilet, ordered them to do abject tasks, and bullied prisoners in dirty and cruel ways at late night… A prisoner even dropped out of the experiment because of a mental meltdown. By far, the experiment has exposed the worst side of humanity. The guards’ behaviors were in the opposite direction of justice; the head of the experiment, Philip Zimbardo, who was able to witness everything through cameras didn’t see anything unnormal; the 50 visitors to observe the experiment took it perfectly fine; and the prisoners’ parents failed to rescue their kids from the virtual hell through lawyers. The situation was completely shocking and unbelievable standing at an outsider's perspective.

最后，在第六天，一位前来参观的女博士对这个残忍的景象感到不可思议，并用强硬的态度让教授停止实验，这时教授也才恍然大悟这个实验有多么的不人道——他也在自己的“上帝”角色里入戏过深了。

Finally, on the sixth day, a visiting doctor was shocked by the cruelty and forcefully told Professor Zimbardo to stop the experiment, who didn’t realize the crazy inhumanity until hearing the truth - he had also gone too far into his role as the controller.

结语

斯坦福监狱实验作为一个极端的例子教会我们，一个人一旦被赋予一个角色，或沉浸在一个特定的环境里，行为就会随之发生令人惊讶的变化，无论好坏。希望这篇推文让你对这个世界著名的实验有了更多了解；如果对更多心理学知识感兴趣的话别忘了点赞并关注我们哟！

The Stanford Prison Experiment, as an extreme example, taught us that once a person immerses in a particular role or situation, the change in behavior can be huge and appalling. Hopefully, this article has given you a little more insight into this world-famous experiment.