今天请到咱们机构的H老师给大家详细介绍一下 CIE economics（9708） AS考试。
01、考试内容
AS经济学共考5个单元的内容。这5个单元分别是：
1. Basic economic ideas and resource allocation｜基本经济学概念和资源配置
2.The price system and the micro economy｜价格体系和微观经济学
3.Government microeconomic intervention｜政府微观调控
4.The macro economy｜宏观经济学
5.Government macroeconomic intervention｜政府宏观调控
这5个单元大致可以分为3个部分。第一单元主要介绍经济学基本概念；第二、三单元介绍微观经济学；第四、五单元介绍宏观经济学。
02、考试形式
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Component |
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AS level |
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Paper 1 单选题 1 小时 30道选择题，30分 |
40% |
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Paper 2 材料分析题（data response）+ 小论文（essay） 1小时30分钟 Section A: one data response question (20 marks) Section B: one structured essay from a choice of three (20 marks) Based on the AS Level syllabus content 40 marks |
30% 30% |
paper 1 具体介绍
paper 1 一共包括30道选择题。 前15道选择题一般考经济学基本概念和微观问题。后15道选择题一般考宏观问题。
A: 对基本经济学原理的理解（来自第一单元）：如opportunity cost (机会成本）、positive & normative statements （实证表述和规范表述）、PPC curve （生产可能性曲线）等都是考试必考内容。
下面?我们一起看几道真题：
(9708-m2020-Paper 1/2-Q1) - Basic Economic Ideas and Resource Allocation
知识点：PPC curve
(9708-m2020-Paper 1/2-Q2) - Basic Economic Ideas and Resource Allocation
知识点：机会成本
附第一单元完整知识点清单
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1 basic economic ideas and resource allocation (AS level) |
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a) Scarcity, choice and opportunity cost 稀缺性，取舍和机会成本 |
• the fundamental economic problem• the meaning of scarcity and the inevitability of choices at all levels (individual, firms, governments)
• the basic questions of what will be produced, how and for whom • the meaning of the term, ‘ceteris paribus’ • the margin and decision making at the margin • short run, long run, very long run |
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b) Positive and normative statements 实证表述和规范表述 |
• the distinction between facts and value judgements |
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c) Factors of production 4大生产要素 |
• the rewards to the factors of production: land, labour, capital and enterprise
• specialisation and division of labour |
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d) Resource allocation in different economic systems and issues of transition 不同经济体制下的资源配置 |
• decision making in market, planned and mixed economies
• the role of the factor enterprise in a modern economy |
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e) Production possibility curves PPC 生产可能性边界 |
• shape and shifts of the curve • constant and increasing opportunity costs |
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f) Money 货币 |
• functions and characteristics in a modern economy
• barter, cash and bank deposits, cheques, near money, liquidity |
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g) Classification of goods and services 物品和服务的分类 |
• free goods, private goods (economic goods) and public goods
• merit goods and demerit goods as the outcome of imperfect information by consumers. |
B: 对price mechanism的理解（来自第二单元）：如demand and supply curve (供求曲线）；PED,YED, XED (需求价格、收入和交叉弹性）；PES （供给价格弹性）；consumer and producer surplus （消费者/生产者剩余）等都是考试重点。
下面?我们一起看几道真题： (9708-m2020-Paper 1/2-Q7) -The Price System and the Micro Economy
知识点：供求关系
(9708-m2020-Paper 1/2-Q12) - The Price System and the Micro Economy
知识点：PED 需求价格弹性
附第二单元完整知识点清单
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2 The price system and the micro economy (AS level) |
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a) Demand and supply curves 供求曲线 |
• effective demand • individual and market demand and supply • factors influencing demand and supply |
| b) Price elasticity, income elasticity and cross-elasticities of demand
需求价格弹性 PED 需求收入弹性 YED 需求交叉弹性 XED |
• the meaning and calculation of elasticity of demand
• the range of elasticities of demand • the factors affecting elasticity of demand • the implications for revenue and business decisions of price, income and cross-elasticities of demand |
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c) Price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性 PES |
• meaning and calculation of elasticity of supply • the range of elasticities of supply • the factors affecting elasticity of supply• implications for speed and ease with which businesses react to changed market conditions |
| d) Interaction of demand and supply e) Market equilibrium and disequilibrium 市场均衡（市场出清）/市场不均衡 | • meaning of equilibrium and disequilibrium• effects of changes in supply and demand on equilibrium price and quantity
• applications of demand and supply analysis • movements along and shifts of the demand and supply curves • joint demand (complements) and alternative demand (substitutes) • joint supply • the workings of the price mechanism; rationing, signalling and the transmission of spanferences |
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f) Consumer and producer surplus 消费者剩余/生产者剩余 |
• meaning and significance• how these are affected by changes in equilibrium price and quantity |
C: 对微观政策的掌握（来自第三单元）：如 maximum & minimum prices(政府限价）；tax and subsidy （税收和补贴）；transfer payment （转移支付）等都是考试重点。
下面?我们一起看一道真题： (9708-m2020-Paper 1/2-Q17) -Government Microeconomic Intervention
知识点：税收种类
附第三单元完整知识点清单
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3 Government microeconomic intervention (aS level) |
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a) Maximum and minimum prices 最高价和最低价 |
• meaning and effect on the market |
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b) Taxes (direct and indirect) 税收（直接/间接） |
• impact and incidence of taxes • specific and ad valorem taxes • average and marginal rates of taxation • proportional, progressive and regressive taxes • the Canons of Taxation |
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c) Subsidies 补贴 |
• impact and incidence of subsidies |
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d) Transfer payments 转移支付 |
• meaning and effect on the market |
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e) Direct provision of goods and services 直接提供物品/服务 |
• meaning and effect on the market |
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f) Nationalisation and privatisation 国有化和私有化 |
• meaning and effect on the market |
D: 对宏观经济学原理的掌握（来自第四单元）：AD/AS curve (总需求/总供应曲线）；inflation 通货膨胀；balance of payment （国际收支）；exchange rate（汇率）等都是考试重点。
下面?我们一起看几道真题： (9708-m2020-Paper 1/2-Q23) -The Macro Economy
知识点：AD/AS曲线
(9708-m2020-Paper 1/2-Q22) -The Macro Economy
知识点：国际收支
附第四单元完整知识点清单
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4 The macro economy (aS level) |
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| a) Aggregate Demand (AD) and Aggregate Supply (AS) analysis
总需求（AD）/总供应（AS) |
• the shape and determinants of AD and AS curves; AD = C + I + G + (X – M)
• the distinction between a movement along and a shift in AD and AS • the interaction of AD and AS and the determination of the level of output, prices and employment |
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b) Inflation 通货膨胀 |
• the definition of inflation; degrees of inflation and the measurement of inflation; deflation and disinflation
• the distinction between money values and real data • the causes of inflation (cost-push and demand- pull inflation) • the consequences of inflation |
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c) Balance of payments 国际收支 |
• the components of the balance of payments accounts (using the IMF/OECD definition): current account; capital and financial account; balancing item
• meaning of balance of payments equilibrium and disequilibrium • causes of balance of payments disequilibrium in each component of the accounts • consequences of balance of payments disequilibrium on domestic and external economy |
E: 宏观经济学政策（来自第四单元）：这个单元的重点是要分清国家各种政策——fiscal policy, monetary policy 和 supply side policy的区别。
附三大政策区别区别图：
paper 2 具体介绍
part 2分为section A （data- response）和section B （essay）两个部分。
section A的date- response题会提供素材，这部分要求考生们能用1-5单元中学到的经济学原理来分析现实生活中的问题。
data- response题可以以微观为主，也可以以宏观为主。但是近几年来的data题越来越喜欢考宏观。 (9708-s2020-Paper 2/2)
素材
小问题
每一个素材下面都有5个小问题，每个问题都有对应分值。考生们在答题时要关注分值，分值多的需要答得更全面。 section A中常见的丢分点有以下几个：
- 题目要求画图，考生没有画图。
- 考生画图以后横纵坐标没有任何标注。
- 题目中出现专有的经济学术语，这道题的分值又比较高，考生没有解释术语或者没有把计算公式列出来。
- 最后一题需要双边讨论，列举优点和缺点，还需要总结。很多考生少了总结这一部分。
section B 是essay。这一部分没有素材，只有题干，考生需要在阅读完题干后写出一篇小essay。essy题是三选一的，这一点很友好，因为大家可以选择自己熟悉的话题。
以上就是所有关于AS 经济学的考试介绍啦，真的超详细的。
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