except (for)和besides的差别在哪里?

朋友约着去露营,在大巴车站集合。小明匆忙赶到,看见只有我一个人,问我其他人呢?我说:①除了你,大家都到了,他们已经上车了。

20分钟前,我给小明打电话说:②除了你,大家都到了‍‍‍‍‍‍

于是你发现,①和②中的“除了”意思有差别,但是汉语并没有用2个词来区分。‍‍‍

英语却做了区分:

□ I like everyone, except you.

我喜欢所有人,除了你。‍‍

I like everyone else, besides you.

我除了喜欢你,其他人我也喜欢。‍‍‍‍‍

本文可以回答下边的问题:

1 besides和except有什么差别?

2 except和except for有什么差别?

3except能不能接动词?

4except能不能接从句?

5 except有没有其他语义?

先聊聊比较简单的besides。‍‍‍

□What languages do you know besides Arabic and English?

你除了知道阿拉伯语和英语,还知道什么语言?

还有剑桥雅思的小作文题目:

C11 Test 2The charts below show the proportions of British students at one university in England who were able to speak other languages in addition to English, in 2000 and 2010.

except (for)和besides的差别在哪里?

题目中的in addition to和other than,都是besides的同义词。‍‍

最新雅思大作文练习课:英语不好,想从雅思作文的开头段开始练习

另一方面,except的英文解释:used before you mention the only thing or person about which a statement is not true

于是,except的例句总是包含“所有”的词(见斜体部分)。

besides就没有这样的要求。

We work every day except Sunday.

我们每天都工作,除了周天。

They all came except Matt.

他们都来了,除了Matt。

They were all there except me.

他们都在那里,除了我。

Anything, except water, is likely to block a sink.

除了水,任何东西都很可能堵塞水槽。

All the boys except Peter started to laugh.

除了Peter,所有男孩都开始笑。

There's nobody except me.

这里除了我没有任何人。

Pedro didn't trust anyone except himself.

Pedro除了自己,不相信任何人。

She likes going to most sports events, except cricket matches.

她喜欢大多数体育活动,除了板球比赛。‍‍

细看例句,黑体部分(Sunday, Matt, water, cricket matches)都属于划线部分(day, they, anything, sports events)的范畴。

于是,问题来了,句子翻译除了这个错误,你做得很好。

( ) thismistake, youdid very well.(黑体部分不属于下划线的范畴)‍‍‍

括号里边填什么?‍‍‍

大家应该看到过except for:

Except for Louisa, who’s away in Berlin this weekend, we’ll all be at the party.

除了周末身在柏林的Louisa,我们所有人都在聚会上。‍‍‍

于是,我到国外网站搜了except for和except的(语义)差别。没有,反而搜到的是:‍‍

I like all fruitexcept (for) oranges.

除了橙子,我喜欢所有水果。

句中for可有可无。

注意句中下划线和黑体部分:在except和except for都行的句子中,排除的事物(orange)和全部事物(fruit)是同类。‍‍

有些情况下,可以用exceptfor不用except‍‍‍‍

请读者仔细观察下边例句中的下划线黑体部分,找出特点。

□The classroom was silent, except for the sound of pens on paper.

The room was very cold and, except for Mao, entirely empty.

I don't drink, except for the occasional glass of wine.

We enjoyed the holiday except for the expense.

总结黑体部分(sound, Mao, wine, expense)不属于下划线部分(silent, empty, drink动词, holiday)的情况,except需要+for‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍

于是,前边问题答案揭晓:

Except for thismistake, youdid very well.

接下来,顺便把except的其他用法一次性讲完。

句子翻译:他们从不张嘴,除了抱怨。‍‍‍

× They didn't open their mouths except complain.

因为except接不了动词。但是,加个to就行:

They didn't open their mouths except to complain.

更多except接to do的例句:‍‍

I never wanted anything except to be an actor.

She seldom goes out except to go to church.

再来一个句子翻译:你的文章很好,除了太长。‍‍

Your essay was good except that it was too long.

即except可以接从名词性从句。更多例句:

I can't remember what we ate, except that it was delicious.

我不记得我们吃过什么,除了好吃的。‍‍

I knew nothing about Judith except what her dad told me.

我对Judith一无所知,除了她父亲告诉我的(那些)。

句中的that可以省略吗?‍‍

不能。

except 三种用法总结

1)except除了可以直接接名词,还可以先+for再接名词;

①如果被排除的事物和全部事物是同类,for可有可无;

②如果不是同类,需要+for;

2)except需要先+to才能接动词;

3)except可以接名词性从句。

另外,except还有一个语义:要不是(=if it weren't for)。‍‍

She would travel more except for lack of money.

要不是钱不够,她会更多地旅行。‍‍‍‍‍‍

I would join you except for my cold.

要不是我感冒了,我会加入你们。

I would buy the suit, except that it costs too much.

要不是这套西装太贵,我会买下它。‍‍‍‍

I would have arrived earlier, except that I lost my way.

要不是我迷路了,我会早点到。

注意:这个语义下,except必须接for或者that。‍‍‍

申明:本文除了开头的2个句子是我编的,其他全部来自英美国家由英语母语者写的句子。‍‍‍‍

①我平时看其他老师写的英语单词的解析,很多用法由老师自己编的例句来支持。换句话说,他们觉得这个用法存在,就会编例句来“证明”用法存在。‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍

②我整理的单词用法则是,根据英语母语者写过的句子总结出用法。‍‍‍‍‍‍

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