美式辩论中有⼀个⾮常重要的概念—— Weighing（权衡） 即对⽐不同论点，告诉裁判为何你的论点⽐对⼿的更重要，从⽽赢得宝贵的⼀票！在比赛中，我们有时候⽆法反驳对⼿的所有论点，但只要能完美回答以下四个问题就能轻松做到战⽆不胜！
今天为大家带来 政策类辩题备赛锦囊②
4大赛场实用Weighing策略 助力大家春季赛更上一层楼！
Weighing Strategies in Policy Debate 政策类辩题备赛锦囊
In PF debate, there's a key concept called -- Weighing. It's all about comparing different argumentsto explain why your points are more important than your opponent's, ultimately winning over thejudge's decision. Even if you can't counter every single argument your opponent makes, masteringthese four questions can help you win effortlessly in the spring season!
#1、Your Opponent’s Impact 对⼿的影响是什么？
Understanding the impact of your opponent's arguments is the first step to successful impactweighing. Their impact is usually stated towards the end of their argument. So, when listening toyour opponent's constructive speech, take good notes to make sure you catch every impact theyclaim. If they start spreading (which some debaters do), don't panic. Stay calm, jot down what youcan, and clarify each point during the first crossfire to fully grasp your opponent's case beforerebuttal.
弄清楚对手论点的影响是成功进行权衡的第一步。一般来说，一个论点的影响会在它的结尾呈现，因此在倾听对手的case时，务必认真做笔记，确保记录下他们声称的每一个影响。即使对方像机关枪一样突突突一连串地输出(有些辩手会这样做)，也不必担心，保持冷静，尽量记下你能记下的东西，然后在第一个交叉质询时问清楚对方每个论点的影响，确保在反驳之前完全了解对手的论据。
#2、Quantifiable Impact 对⼿的影响是否可量化？
Now that you know all the impacts your opponent is claiming, the next step is to closely examinethem. What areas do their impacts cover? Are they economic, environmental, related to humanrights, social justice, or something else?
Iftheir impact can be quantified (like economically), what data do they use? How significant istheir overall impact?
If their impact can't be quantified (like human rights issues), how do they justify it? What's theessence of their argument extension? Are there truly as many effects. and are they as crucial as theyclaim?
现在你已经知道对手所有主张的影响了。那么下一步就是仔细观察对手的影响一一它们属于哪个方面？经济、环境、人权、社会正义还是其他？
如果可以被量化 (如经济) ，他们使用了什么数据呢? 他们的最终影响到底有多大？如果不能被量化 (如人权) ，他们是如何得出这个影响的呢？他们的最终延伸是什么呢？真的有这么多影响/这么重要吗？
#3 、The Most Important Impact
你方最重要的影响是什么？
Knowing your opponent's argument is important, but understanding your own is equally crucial.Since you've crafted your case and strategy (or at least understand what your coach wants you to focus on), you should know what your strongest impact is. Identify 1-2 key impacts, and let's move on to the next step.
知⼰知彼，⽅能百战不殆。你已经充分了解对⼿，那么下⼀步就是了解⾃⼰！既然是⾃⼰写的论点和⾃⼰制定的策略（如果不是，请确保了解教练希望你在辩论中关注的论点），那么你应该清楚⾃⼰最强有⼒的影响是什么。找出1-2个，然后我们就速速进⼊下⼀步！
#4、How To Outweigh？ 你的影响如何压倒对手？
This is the final and most critical step--weighing. Think deeply: why is the impact you identified instep 3 more significant than your opponent's?
Ifthe impacts can be quantified -does your data surpass theirs? Is your logical link stronger? Doesthe likelihood ofyour impact happening outweigh theirs?
Ifthe impacts can't be quantified - does this impact really matter? Will people truly feel the impactif it happens? And if it does, will it be as positive/negative as your opponent claims?
这是最后一步，也是最重要的一步——影响权衡。使劲用你的小脑袋想一想: 为什么我在第三步确认的影响比对手更重要？
如果正在对比的影响可以量化——你们的数据比对手大吗？你们的逻辑联系比对手强吗？你们的影响发生的概率比对手大吗？
如果正在对比的影响无法量化——这个影响真的重要吗？人们真的能感受到这个影响发生吗？如果发生了，真的会像对方说得那么好/坏吗？
In the context of the spring topic ("Resolved: In the United States, organized political lobbying doesmore harm than good"), two common impacts are climate change (rising sea levels, heatwaves) and drug prices (pharmaceutical companies keeping prices high).
If you want to use climate change to outweigh drug prices, you could argue that climate change'simpact is irreversible. We can't reverse rising sea levels or quickly lower temperatures once theyrise. But drug prices can be regulated through legislation or government subsidies (like bulkbuying), making climate change more crucial.
If you want to use drug prices to outweigh climate change, you could argue that drug prices directlyand immediately impact people. Many Americans struggle daily to afford high drug/treatment costs,affecting numerous individuals every year. Climate change's impact, on the other hand, won't fullymaterialize for another 10-20 years, making drug prices more urgent and deserving of immediateattention.
在春季赛的背景下，两个常见的影响是气候变化 (海平面上升、热浪等) 和药品价格 (制药公司保持高价)。
如果你想说气候变化>药品价格，你可以说：气候变化的影响是不可逆转的。如果海平面上升了，我们无法让它下降；如果温度升高了，短期内无法降温。但药品价格可以通过立法来调控或者政府给予补贴来解决 (如政府大批量购买) ，因此气候变化比药品价格更重要。
如果你想说药品价格>气候变化，你可以说：药品价格对人们的影响更直接且更为迅速。许多美国人每天都在为支付不起高昂的药品/治疗费用而挣扎，每年都有许多人受到明显影响，但气候变化的影响将在10-20年后才显现，因此药品价格的影响更加紧迫，应该得到当前的关注。
I hope these strategies help you answer these four questions flawlessly in every debate, making iteasy for you to weigh impacts and win every time!
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